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Mammo > Patient Education, Assessment, And Treatment Options > Flashcards

Patient Education, Assessment, And Treatment Options Flashcards

1
Q

The biggest risk factor for developing breast cancer

A

Gender

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2
Q

One of the minor risk factors for developing breast cancer could be

A

Not breastfeeding

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3
Q

What is the approximate risk of developing breast cancer in a woman whose sister has the disease

A

Higher than normal risk

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4
Q

A woman with the highest risk of developing breast cancer is

A

Older than 50 years

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5
Q

Symptoms of a possible breast disease that are not demonstrated on a mammogram may include

A

Nipple discharge

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6
Q

Which of the following best describes a type of drug treatment given in addition to another breast cancer treatment

A

Adjuvant chemotherapy

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7
Q

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) or erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) receptor is

A

A protein, which functions as a receptor on breast cells

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8
Q

Risk factors associated with undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) include

A

Increased risk of developing breast cancer

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9
Q

The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that

A

Women younger than 45 years with a high risk can have modality screening in addition to mammography

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10
Q

Which of the following breast changes should a health care provider evaluate?

A

Lumps or swelling, skin irritation or dimpling

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11
Q

Which of the following should the technologist document?

A

Edema, dimpling of the skin

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12
Q

Preexamination instructions that can be given to the patient include

A

Use a wet-wipe to remove all deodorant

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13
Q

Benefits of communication with the patient include

A

Helps identify sensitive breast and the reason for the sensitivity, educates the patient, and reveals fears and misconception

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14
Q

The two-step method of breast self-examination is to

A

Look and feel for changes in the breast

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15
Q

When visually inspecting the breast, the changes that should be recorded include

A
  1. Changes in breast size and shape
  2. Changes in texture or color of the breast
  3. Indentation on the skin of the breast
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16
Q

The patient’s medical history and documentation will

A
  1. Provide the radiologist information about the patient’s risk factors for developing breast cancer
  2. Provide information about possible benign breast conditions of the patient
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17
Q

In developing patient rapport, the technologist should strive to enhance the patient’s self-esteem. This means that the technologist should

A

Offer reassurance and encouragement if the patient is confused or unable to help herself

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18
Q

Stressing the importance of the BSE can be controversial because

A

BSE can cause unnecessary anxiety in women

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19
Q

Which of the following are methods used in BSE?

A

1) using the pads of the three middle fingers to palpate entire breast
2) palpating around to the breast in a vertical pattern
3) using varying degrees of pressure while palpating of the breast

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20
Q

For a menstruating woman, when is the best time of the most perform BSE?

A

One week after the menstrual cycle ends

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21
Q

Which of the following statements are true? 

A

1) breast cancer death rates in the United States are going down
2) The second leading cause of cancer related deaths among women in the United States is breast cancer

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22
Q

Post menopausal obesity is associated with

A

Circulating estrogen that is produced in fatty tissue

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23
Q

In routine mammography, the glandular dose per projection is generally approximately

A

1 to 2 mGy (0.1-0.2 rad)

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24
Q

Which of the following age groups is likely to get the most radiation dose during mammography?

A

20 to 35 years

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25
Q

Approximately what percentage of women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime?

A

13%

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26
Q

During mammography, which of the following will affect the average glandular dose per breast

A

1) degree of breast compression
2) the half-value layer (HVL) of the xray beam
3) breast size and composition

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27
Q

Patients who are allowed to play an active role in applying compression are usually

A

1) more likely to tolerate the compression
2) more relaxed during the compression

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28
Q

In breast imaging, the dose calculation is based on

A

Dose absorbed by the glandular tissue of the breast

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29
Q

What is the purpose of requesting the patient to provide prior mammograms before starting the mammogram exam?

A

To provide the radiologist with an additional aid

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30
Q

The age of a woman undergoing HRT is likely to be

A

More than 40 years

31
Q

The term primipara refers to a woman who

A

Has given birth once

32
Q

In mammography, information included on the medical history documentation includes which of the following as they relate to the breast?

A

1) patient’s history of trauma
2) history of surgery
3) unusual skin condition

33
Q

Nullipara

A

Woman who has never borne a child or carried a fetus to the point of viability

34
Q

Objective data

A

Signs that can be seen, heard, or felt and other factors such as laboratory reports

35
Q

Subjective data

A

Symptoms that are perceived by the affected individual only

36
Q

All of the following are forms of subjective patient data, except

A

1) the patient has a palpable lump in the right breast

37
Q

When questioning a patient to obtain an accurate patient history,

A

Start with open ended questions and then follow up with more direct inquiries

38
Q

Which of the following are positive questioning skills that the technologist can use when verifying the accuracy of patient information?

A

Repeating information

39
Q

What is the purpose of “probing” questions when interviewing patients?

A

Clarifies information by asking for specific details

40
Q

In gathering more information about a patient’s complaint of pain, a good probing question to ask would be

A

“If the pain comes and goes, how often does it occur?”

41
Q

There are two types of data collection processes. If the patient says that she has a bruise on the left breast, this information is regarded as

A

Objective

42
Q

What is the purpose of repetition when questioning the patient?

A

To summarize

43
Q

“Where is your pain?” Is an example of

A

An open-ended question

44
Q

Which of the following will not result in increased breast cancer risks?

A

Having the first child before the age of 30 years

45
Q

Approximately how many women will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer each year?

A

268,600

46
Q

Methods of acknowledging the patient and treating the patient courteously can include all of the following, except

A

Avoiding eye contact

47
Q

Two disadvantages specifically related to 2D mammography screening include

A

1) the glandularity of the breast can impact visualization of cancers
2) mammography will not image all cancers

48
Q

The glandular dose is

A

Associated with dose to the radiosensitive cells of the breast

49
Q

Having a dense breast will

A

Increase the risk of developing breast cancer

50
Q

The technologist should review the previous mammography report to

A

Confirm the type of examination (screening or diagnostic) needed

51
Q

Why should the patient wipe off deodorant before mammography?

A

Deodorant can mimic malignant calcifications

52
Q

A side effect of tamoxifen treatment is

A

Uterine cancer

53
Q

“Lumpectomy” describes the process of

A

Removing the breast cancer tumor and margins of surrounding normal breast tissue

54
Q

Radiation therapy can be used

A

1) with other treatment options
2) to kill any remaining cancer cells in the breast or the chest wall area
3) to shrink tumor before surgery

55
Q

Chemotherapy can be used to

A

kill cancer cells in other parts of the body

56
Q

Breast reconstruction can involve the placement of small fluid-filled sacs behind the pectoral muscle. Two common types of such implants are

A

Silicone or saline implants

57
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Involves the use of drugs to treat cancer that may have spread

58
Q

A process of removing tissue and fat from the abdomen and transferring that tissue and fat to reconstruct the breast is called

A

Deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap

59
Q

Antiestrogen drugs, such as tamoxifen, can be used to

A

1) slow or stop the growth of cancer
2) prevent breast cancer in high-risk women
3) prevent the recurrence of breast cancer

60
Q

The most common immunohistochemical (IHC) tumor marker is

A

Estrogen receptor-positive

61
Q

A process by which the breast size is increased by using implants is called

A

Augmentation mammoplasty

62
Q

The removal of one to three axillary nodes for testing is included in a

A

Sentinel node biopsy

63
Q

Which of the following are side effects of radiation treatment?

A

1) loss of appetite
2) fatigue
3) heaviness of the breast

64
Q

A big advantage of brachytherapy over traditional radiation therapy treatments is

A

Reduced time of treatment

65
Q

The side effects of chemotherapy include

A

Low red blood cell count

66
Q

What is tamoxifen treatment?

A

An adjuvant therapy by using drugs to reduce the risk of developing certain cancers

67
Q

“Cosmetic intervention” is

A

1) surgical reconstruction of the breast at the patient’s request
2) breast augmentation for personal reasons

68
Q

The side effects of chemotherapy are related to the effect of the drug on

A

All tissues and organs in the body

69
Q

A surgical treatment procedure that removes the breast tissue, skin, nipple, and areola but leaves the lymph nodes intact is called

A

Simple mastectomy

70
Q

Which of the following are contraindications for lumpectomy?

A

1) previous lumpectomy
2) multiple cancer site in on breast
3) large tumors in small breast

71
Q

The staging of cancer determines

A

1) whether the cancer is invasive
2) the exact tumor size
3) whether the cancer has spread to distant sites

72
Q

Which of the following is a name given to the clear fluid that can sometimes form and a complication to the mastectomy procedure?

A

Seroma

73
Q

“Neoadjuvant chemotherapy” refers to the treatment

A

Before the surgery to help shrink cancerous tumors

74
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

Low platelet count

Mammo (16 decks)

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