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RD1032 > patient care skills > Flashcards

patient care skills Flashcards

1
Q

3 main aims of first aid

A
  • PRESERVE life
  • PREVENT situation from worsening
  • PROMOTE recovery
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2
Q

priorities of treatment; primary survey

A
  • airway
  • breathing
  • circulation
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3
Q

priorities of treatment; secondary survey

A
  • bleeding
  • burns
  • broken bones
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4
Q

the glasgow coma score

A

scores the level of coma from 3-15, with 3 being most severe

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5
Q

what is hypoxia

A

body/ region of body is deprived of correct concentration of oxygen
- leads to inadequate O2 concentration in tissues

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6
Q

external causes of hypoxia

A
  • gas or smoke
  • drowning
  • suffocation
  • high altitude
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7
Q

airway causes of hypoxia

A
  • choking
  • tongue
  • burns
  • strangulation
    -anaphylaxis
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8
Q

breathing causes of hypoxia

A
  • crushing
  • collapsed lung
  • chest injury
  • poisoning
  • asthma
  • disease or illness
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9
Q

circulation causes of hypoxia

A
  • no blood oxygenation, low blood pressure
  • heart attack
  • cardiac arrest
  • angina
  • severe bleeding
  • poisoning
  • anaemia
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10
Q

control centre causes of hypoxia

A
  • spinal injury
  • electric shock
  • drug overdose
  • head injury
  • stroke
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11
Q

the body’s response to hypoxia

A
  • low oxygen- adrenaline released
  • increased heart rate
  • increase heart beat strength
  • vasoconstriction
  • vasodilation
  • bronchodilation
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12
Q

signs and symptoms caused by hypoxia

A
  • pale clammy skin
  • cyanosis
  • increased, weak pulse rate
  • nausea and vomiting
  • confusion/ dizziness
  • changing breathing rate
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13
Q

what can head injuries lead to?

A
  • unconsciousness
  • risk to airway
  • brain damage
  • spinal injury
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14
Q

head injury conditions

A
  • concussion
  • compression
  • fracture
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15
Q

symptoms of a concussion

A
  • brain shaking
  • unconscious for short time
  • short term memory loss
  • mild headache
  • pale clammy skin
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16
Q

how to identify compression/ pressure

A
  • history of head injury
  • levels of responsiveness deteriorates
  • intense headache
  • flushed dry skin
17
Q

how to identify a fractured skull

A
  • suffer from concussion/ compression
  • bleeding, swelling, bruising to head
  • soft or depressed area to skull
18
Q

which patients take priority

A

head injury

19
Q

head injury treatment

A
  • maintain ABC
  • control bleeding - apply pressure to wound
  • do not block flow from nose to ear
  • be aware of other injuries
  • constantly monitor breathing and monitor changes
  • do not leave patient unattended
20
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

21
Q

ischaemic cva

A
  • caused by thrombus in artery supplying brain
  • 85% of all cases
22
Q

hemorrhagic cva

A
  • caused by bleeding due to weakened blood vessel bursting
23
Q

transient ischaemic attack (TIA) cva

A
  • supply of blood to brain temporarily interrupted –> mini stroke
  • lasting between 30 mins and several hours
24
Q

cva signs and symptoms

A
  • has their face falled to one side?
  • can they raise both arms and keep them there?
  • is there speech slurred?
  • call 999
25
Q

cva treatment

A
  • call 999
  • maintain ABC
  • lie patient down with raised head and shoulders
  • reassure even if seem unresponsive
  • constantly monitor
26
Q

cva treatment in hospital

A
  • can be treated using injections of alteplase (dissolves blood clots and restores blood flow to brain) –> thrombolysis
  • brain scan must be done to confirm diagnosis
27
Q

how to help someone choking

A
  • perform 5 back blows
  • perform 5 abdominal thrusts
  • if become unconscious perform CPR
28
Q

how to conduct abdominal thrusts

A
  • stand behind person choking
  • place arms around waist and bend them forward
  • clench fist and place is above persons navel
  • place other hand on top and thrust hands backwards into stomach HARD
  • repeat
29
Q

what is croup

A
  • infection and inflammation of larynx + trachea usually caused by viral infection
30
Q

symptoms of croup

A
  • difficult/ distressed breathing
  • distinctive barking type cough
  • pale and clammy -cyanosis
31
Q

croup treatment

A
  • sit patient up
  • calm and reassure them
  • carefully steam air
  • if severe = call for medical help

RD1032 (11 decks)

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