Patient care 2 Flashcards
The inability to remember short-term memory information after an event during which the head was struck is called?
Antergade Amnesia
materials that have a pH value less than 7 (ex hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid)
Acids
The mnemonic for awake, verbal, pain, unresponsive; used to evaluate a patient’s mental status is called?
AVPU
Significant bruising around the mastoid process is called?
Battle’s sign
An exposure that occurs over a short timeframe (less than 24 hrs) usually occurs at a spill or release
Acute exposure
The process of listening to the body noises with a stethoscope is called?
Auscultation
The noises made by the intestinal smooth muscles as they squeeze fluids and food products through the digestive tract is called?
Bowel sounds
A respiratory rate less than 12 breaths/min is called?
Bradypnea
Materials that react with atmospheric moisture and rapidly decompose
Air reactive materials
Circulation, sensation, and movement mnemonic
CSM
A positively charged particle emitted by certain radioactive materials
Alpha particle
The temperature at which a material ignites and burns without an ignition source
Autoignition point
A bluish coloration of the skin as a result of hypoxemia, of deoxygenation of hemoglobin is called?
Cyanosis
The period when the ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood is called?
Diastole
Collection of blood within the skin that appears blue-black, eventually fading to a greenish-brown and yellow; commonly called a bruise is called?
Ecchymosis
autoignition point
the temperature at which a material ignites and burns without an ignition source
Autoignition point
Inhaling and exhaling with quick, difficult breaths is called?
Gasping
contamination reduction zone
see warm zone
Materials with a pH value greater than 7 (ex sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide)
Bases
materials with a pH value greater than 7 (ex sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide)
Bases
The blowing or swishing sound created by the turbulence within a blood vessel is called?
Bruit
A short, low-pitched sound heard at the end of exhalation that represents an attempt to generate positive end-expiratory pressure by exhaling against a closed glottis, prolonging the period of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange across the alveolar-capillary membrane; a compensatory mechanism to help maintain patency of small airways and prevent atelectasis
Grunting
A negatively charged particle emitted by certain radioactive materials
Beta particle
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the material being heated equals atmospheric pressure (760 Hg); water boils to steam at 100 C (212 F)
Boiling point
Heart rate slower than 60 beats/min is called?
Bradycardia
flammable
the capacity of a substance to ignite
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the material being heated equals atmospheric pressure (760 Hg); water boils to steam at 100 C (212 F)
Boiling point
An explosion that can occur when a vessel containing a pressurized liquid ruptures
Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion
Yellow-blue ecchymosis surrounding the umbilicus is called?
Cullen’s sign
A core body temperature below 95 F is called?
Hypothermia
Hardened mass within the tissue typically associated with inflammation is called?
Induration
The deposition or absorption of chemical, biological, or radiologic materials onto personnel or other materials
Contamination
Large containers and tanks used to transport large quantities of hazardous materials
Bulk containers
The noise made when blood in the carotid arteries passes over plaque buildups is called?
Carotid bruit
Glass or plastic bottles commonly used to transport corrosive products
Carboys
Any liquid or solid that can destroy human flesh on contact or has a severe corrosion rate on steel
Corrosive
Chemical that prevent the transportation of oxygen to the cells or the use of oxygen at the cellular level
Chemical asphyxiants
The process of applying pressure against the body with the intent of gathering information is called?
palpation
An exposure to low concentrations ocer a long period
Chronic exposure
A safe area isolated from the area of contamination; also called the support zone. This zone has safe and easy access. It contains the command post and staging areas for personnel, vehicles, and equipment. EMS personnel are stationed in the cold zone
Cold zone
Nonbulk containers that normally contain liquefied gases, nonliquified gases, or mixtures under pressure; cylinders also may contain liquids or solids
Cylinders
The process of decontaminating people exposed to and potentially contaminated with hazardous materials by rapidly removing most of the contamination to reduce exposure and save lives, with secondary regard for completeness of decontamination
Emergency decontamination
Any chemical compound, mixture, or device, the primary or common purpose of which is to function by detonation or rapid compustion ; found in liquid or solid forms
Explosive
The deposition or absorption of chemical, biological, or radiologic materials onto personnel or other materials
Contamination
Indicator of increased work of breathing in infants; the head falls forward with exhalation and comes up with expansion of the chest on inhalation is called
Head bobbing
Any liquid or solid that can destroy human flesh on contact or has a severe corrosion rate on steel
Corrosive
Pertaining to extremely low temperatures
Cryogenic
Nonbulk containers that normally contain liquefied gases, nonliquified gases, or mixtures under pressure; cylinders also may contain liquids or solids
cylinders
The minimum temperature at which a substance evaporates fast enough to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the substance
Flashpoint
The physical and chemical process of reducing and preventing the spread of contamination from persons and equipment used at a hazardous materials incident; also referred to as contamination reduction
Decontamination
The measure of the rate of decay of a radioactive material; indicates the time needed for half of a given amount of a radioactive material to change to another nuclear from or element
Half-life
The process of decontaminating people exposed to and potentially contaminated with hazardous materials by rapidly removing most of the contamination to reduce exposure and save lives, with secondary regard for completeness of decontamination
Emergency decontamination
HAZCOM - OSHA standard regarding worker protection when handling chemicals
Hazard communication standard
Any chemical compound, mixture, or device, the primary or common purpose of which is to function by detonation or rapid compustion ; found in liquid or solid forms
Explosive
HAZWOPER - OSHA and EPA regulations regarding worker safety when responding to hazardous materials emergencies
Hazardous waste operations and emergency
response
The capacity of a substance to ignite
Flammable
The area in which contamination currently exists or area that may be contaminated in a short period; also called the exclusion area. Patients are removed from this area to the warm zone for decontamination. Entrance to the hot zone requires proper PPE
Hot zone
Any compressed gas that meets requirements for lower flammability limit, flammability limit range, flame projection, or flame propagation as specified in CFR title 49, sec 173.300 (b) (ex butane, acetylene, hydrogen, propane)
Flammable gases
IDHLs - maximal environmental air concentration of a substance from which a person could escape within 30 mins without symptoms of impairment or irreversible health effects
immediately dangerous to life or health concentrations
The concentration of fuel and air between the lower flammable limit or lower explosive limit and the upper flammable limit or upper explosive limit; the mixture of fuel and air in the flammable range supports combustion
Flammable range
HAZCOM - OSHA standard regarding worker protection when handling chemicals
Hazard communication standard
LD50 - the oral or dermal exposure dose that kills 50% of the exposed animal population in 2 weeks
Lethal dose 50%
Damage present at the point of chemical contact
Local damage
The minimal concentration of fuel in the air that will ignite; below this point too much oxygen and not enough fuel to burn (too lean) are present; also called the lower explosive limit
Lower flammable limit
MSDS - a document that contains information about the specific identity of a hazardous chemical; information includes exact name and physical properties and emergency telephone numbers
Material safety data sheet
The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid (ex ice melting to water at 0 C or 32 F)
Melting point
Dilation of the pupils
Mydriasis
NFPA - international voluntary membership organization that promotes improved fire protection and prevention and establishes safeguards against loss of life and property by fire; writes and publishes national voluntary consensus standards
National fire protection association
Penetrating radiation that can result in whole body irradiation
Neutron radiation
Desensitization of the sense of smell
Olfactory fatigue
OSHA - a unit of the us department of labor that establishes protective standards, enforces those standards, and reaches out to employers and employees through technical assistance and consultation programs
occupational safety and health administration
The ability of a substance to readily release oxygen to stimulate combustion
Oxidation ability
Allowable air concentration of a substance in the workplace as established by OSHA; these values are legally enforceable
Permissible exposure limit
PPE - clothing and equipment worn to protect against environmental hazards
Personal protective equipment
Diamond shaped signs placed on the sides and ends of bulk transport containers that carry hazardous materials
Placards
Describes gases, liquids, or other substances of such nature that exposure to a very small amount is dangerous to life or is a hazard to health; also know as toxic (cyanide, arsenic, pesticides, phosgene, aniline, methyl bromide, insecticides)
Poisonous
psi - the amount of pressure on an area that is 1 inch square
Pounds per square inchre
Substances that form self-ignitable flammable vapors when in contact with a
Pyrophorics
The ability to emit ionizing radioactive energy
Radioactive
Any material or combination of materials that spontaneously emit ionizing radiation and have a specific activity greater than 0.002 (plutonium, cobalt, uranium 235, radioactive waste)
Radioactive substances
The spontaneous disintegration of unstable nuclei accompanied by the emission of nuclear radiation
Radioactivity
Particles or pure energy that produces changes in matter by creating ion pairs
Ionizing radiation
LC50 - the air concentration of a substance that kills 50% of the exposed animal population’ this denotes the concentration and the length of exposure
Lethal concentration 50 %
LD50 - the oral or dermal exposure dose that kills 50% of the exposed animal population in 2 weeks
Lethal dose 50%
Damage present at the point of chemical contact
Local damage
The minimal concentration of fuel in the air that will ignite; below this point too much oxygen and not enough fuel to burn (too lean) are present; also called the lower explosive limit
Lower flammable limit
MSDS - a document that contains information about the specific identity of a hazardous chemical; information includes exact name and physical properties and emergency telephone numbers
Material safety data sheet
The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid (ex ice melting to water at 0 C or 32 F)
Melting point
Dilation of the pupils
Mydriasis
NFPA - international voluntary membership organization that promotes improved fire protection and prevention and establishes safeguards against loss of life and property by fire; writes and publishes national voluntary consensus standards
National fire protection association
Penetrating radiation that can result in whole body irradiation
Neutron radiation
Desensitization of the sense of smell
Olfactory fatigue
A unit of the us department of labor that establishes protective standards, enforces those standards, and reaches out to employers and employees through technical assistance and consultation programs
Occupational safety and health administration
The ability of a substance to readily release oxygen to stimulate combustion
Oxidation ability
Allowable air concentration of a substance in the workplace as established by OSHA; these values are legally enforceable
Permissible exposure limit
PPE - clothing and equipment worn to protect against environmental hazards
Personal protective equipment
Diamond shaped signs placed on the sides and ends of bulk transport containers that carry hazardous materials
Placards
Describes gases, liquids, or other substances of such nature that exposure to a very small amount is dangerous to life or is a hazard to health; also know as toxic (cyanide, arsenic, pesticides, phosgene, aniline, methyl bromide, insecticides)
Poisonous
Psi - the amount of pressure on an area that is 1 inch square
Pounds per square inch
Substances that form self-ignitable flammable vapors when in contact with air
Pyrophorics
The ability to emit ionizing radioactive energy
Radioactive
Any material or combination of materials that spontaneously emit ionizing radiation and have a specific activity greater than 0.002 (plutonium, cobalt, uranium 235, radioactive waste)
Radioactive substances
The spontaneous disintegration of unstable nuclei accompanied by the emission of nuclear radiation
Radioactivity
The risk of another person or healthcare provider becoming contaminated with a hazardous material by contact with a contaminated victim
Secondary contamination
An explosive, chemical, or biologic device hidden at the scene of an emergency and set to detonate or release its agent after emergency response personnel are on scene
Secondary device
Inert gases and vapors that displace oxygen in inspired air (ex carbon dioxide, nitrogen)
simple asphyxiants
The ratio of a liquid’s weight compared with an equal volume of water (which has a constant value of 1); materials with a specific gravity of less than 1 float on water, and materials with a specific gravity greater than 1 sink
Specific gravity
Damage remote to the site of exposure or absorption
Systemic damage
The airborne concentrations of a substance; represents conditions under which nearly all workers are believed to be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse effects. Exposed day after day without adverse effects.
Threshold limit value
Trailers that carry multiple cylinders of pressurized gases
Tube trailers
The concentration of fuel in the air above which the vapors cannot be ignited; above this point too much fuel and not enough oxygen are present to burn (too rich) ; also called the upper explosive limit
Upper flammable limit
The weight of a volume of pure gas compared with the weight of an equal volume of pure dry air (which has a constant value of 1); materials with a vapor density less than 1 are lighter than air and rise when released; materials with a vapor density greater than 1 are heavier than air and sink when released
Vapor density
The pressure exerted by a vapor against the sides of a closed container; a measure of volatility
Vapor pressure
A measure of how quickly a material passes into the vapor or gas state; the greater the volatility, the greater its rate of evaporation
Volatility
Area surrounding the hot zone that functions as a safety buffer area, decontamination area, and as an access and egress point to and from the ot zone; also called the contamination reduction zone
Warm zone
Materials that violently decompose and or burn vigorously when they come in contact with moisture
Water reactive materials
The degree to which a material or its vapors are soluble in water
Water solubility
Noise made when the visceral and parietal pleura rub together is called?
Pleural friction rub
The apical impulse; the site where the heartbeat is most strongly felt is called
Point of maximum impulse (PMI)
A measured percent of saturated hemoglobin is called?
Pulse oximetry
The difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures is called?
Pulse pressure
Bruising around the orbits of the eyes is called?
Raccoon eyes
The full and natural range of a joint’s movement is called?
Range of motion
A quick head-to-toe assessment of a medical patient who is unresponsive or has an altered mental status is called?
Rapid medical assessment
A quick head-to-toe assessment of a trauma patient with a significant mechanism of injury is called?
Rapid trauma assessment
Discomfort experienced by the patient that occurs when the pressure from palpation is released is called?
Rebound tenderness
Sinking in of the soft tissues above the sternum or clavicle or between or below the ribs during inhalation is called?
Retractions
The inability to remember events or recall memories from before an event in which the head was struck is called?
Retrograde amnesia
The sound of the tricuspid and mitral valves closing is called?
S1
The sound of the closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves is called?
S2
______are a medical or trauma condition of the patient that can be seen, heard, smelled, measured, or felt during the examination; _______ are conditions described by the patient, such as shortness of breath, or pieces of information bystanders tell you about the patient’s chief complaint is called?
Signs and Symptoms
Inadequate system perfusion is called?
Shock
The elasticity of the skin; good skin turgor returns the skin’s natural shape within 2 seconds is called?
Skin Turgor
Neck Flexion at the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae, with the head extended at the first and second cervical vertebrae. This position aligns the axes of the mouth, pharynx, and trachea, opening the airway and increasing airflow is called?
Sniffing position
Noisy breathing through the mouth and nose during sleep; caused by air passing through a narrowed upper airway is called?
Snoring
A harsh, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration associated with upper airway obstruction; often described as a high-pitched crowing or “seal bark” sound is called?
Stridor
The period when the ventricles are contracting is called?
Systole
The pressure exerted against the walls of the large arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction is called?
Systolic blood pressure
A heart rate greater than 100 beats/min is called?
Tachycardia
An increased respiratory rate, usually greater than 30 breaths/min. is called?
Tachypnea
The volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during a normal breath; can be indirectly evaluated by observing the rise and fall of the patient’s chest and abdomen is called?
Tidal volume
Position used to maintain an open airway that involves sitting upright and leaning forward with the neck slightly extended, chin projected, and mouth open and supported by the arms is called?
Tripod position
Any noise that elicits some sort of response from the patient is called?
Verbal stimulus
A standardized board used to test vision is called?
Visual acuity card
Conscious contraction of the abdominal muscles in an attempt to prevent painful palpation is called?
Voluntary guarding
High-pitched whistling sounds produced by air moving through narrowed airway passages is called?
Wheezes
