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paramedicine > Patient care 2 > Flashcards

Patient care 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The inability to remember short-term memory information after an event during which the head was struck is called?

A

Antergade Amnesia

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2
Q

materials that have a pH value less than 7 (ex hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid)

A

Acids

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3
Q

The mnemonic for awake, verbal, pain, unresponsive; used to evaluate a patient’s mental status is called?

A

AVPU

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4
Q

Significant bruising around the mastoid process is called?

A

Battle’s sign

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4
Q

An exposure that occurs over a short timeframe (less than 24 hrs) usually occurs at a spill or release

A

Acute exposure

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5
Q

The process of listening to the body noises with a stethoscope is called?

A

Auscultation

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5
Q

The noises made by the intestinal smooth muscles as they squeeze fluids and food products through the digestive tract is called?

A

Bowel sounds

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5
Q

A respiratory rate less than 12 breaths/min is called?

A

Bradypnea

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5
Q

Materials that react with atmospheric moisture and rapidly decompose

A

Air reactive materials

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6
Q

Circulation, sensation, and movement mnemonic

A

CSM

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6
Q

A positively charged particle emitted by certain radioactive materials

A

Alpha particle

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7
Q

The temperature at which a material ignites and burns without an ignition source

A

Autoignition point

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8
Q

A bluish coloration of the skin as a result of hypoxemia, of deoxygenation of hemoglobin is called?

A

Cyanosis

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8
Q

The period when the ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood is called?

A

Diastole

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8
Q

Collection of blood within the skin that appears blue-black, eventually fading to a greenish-brown and yellow; commonly called a bruise is called?

A

Ecchymosis

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9
Q

autoignition point

the temperature at which a material ignites and burns without an ignition source

A

Autoignition point

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9
Q

Inhaling and exhaling with quick, difficult breaths is called?

A

Gasping

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9
Q

contamination reduction zone

A

see warm zone

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10
Q

Materials with a pH value greater than 7 (ex sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide)

A

Bases

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10
Q

materials with a pH value greater than 7 (ex sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide)

A

Bases

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11
Q

The blowing or swishing sound created by the turbulence within a blood vessel is called?

A

Bruit

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11
Q

A short, low-pitched sound heard at the end of exhalation that represents an attempt to generate positive end-expiratory pressure by exhaling against a closed glottis, prolonging the period of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange across the alveolar-capillary membrane; a compensatory mechanism to help maintain patency of small airways and prevent atelectasis

A

Grunting

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11
Q

A negatively charged particle emitted by certain radioactive materials

A

Beta particle

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12
Q

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the material being heated equals atmospheric pressure (760 Hg); water boils to steam at 100 C (212 F)

A

Boiling point

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13
Q

Heart rate slower than 60 beats/min is called?

A

Bradycardia

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13
Q

flammable

A

the capacity of a substance to ignite

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14
Q

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the material being heated equals atmospheric pressure (760 Hg); water boils to steam at 100 C (212 F)

A

Boiling point

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14
Q

An explosion that can occur when a vessel containing a pressurized liquid ruptures

A

Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion

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14
Q

Yellow-blue ecchymosis surrounding the umbilicus is called?

A

Cullen’s sign

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14
Q

A core body temperature below 95 F is called?

A

Hypothermia

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14
Q

Hardened mass within the tissue typically associated with inflammation is called?

A

Induration

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15
Q

The deposition or absorption of chemical, biological, or radiologic materials onto personnel or other materials

A

Contamination

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17
Q

Large containers and tanks used to transport large quantities of hazardous materials

A

Bulk containers

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18
Q

The noise made when blood in the carotid arteries passes over plaque buildups is called?

A

Carotid bruit

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19
Q

Glass or plastic bottles commonly used to transport corrosive products

A

Carboys

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19
Q

Any liquid or solid that can destroy human flesh on contact or has a severe corrosion rate on steel

A

Corrosive

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20
Q

Chemical that prevent the transportation of oxygen to the cells or the use of oxygen at the cellular level

A

Chemical asphyxiants

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21
Q

The process of applying pressure against the body with the intent of gathering information is called?

A

palpation

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21
Q

An exposure to low concentrations ocer a long period

A

Chronic exposure

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22
Q

A safe area isolated from the area of contamination; also called the support zone. This zone has safe and easy access. It contains the command post and staging areas for personnel, vehicles, and equipment. EMS personnel are stationed in the cold zone

A

Cold zone

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22
Q

Nonbulk containers that normally contain liquefied gases, nonliquified gases, or mixtures under pressure; cylinders also may contain liquids or solids

A

Cylinders

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23
Q

The process of decontaminating people exposed to and potentially contaminated with hazardous materials by rapidly removing most of the contamination to reduce exposure and save lives, with secondary regard for completeness of decontamination

A

Emergency decontamination

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23
Q

Any chemical compound, mixture, or device, the primary or common purpose of which is to function by detonation or rapid compustion ; found in liquid or solid forms

A

Explosive

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24
Q

The deposition or absorption of chemical, biological, or radiologic materials onto personnel or other materials

A

Contamination

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25
Q

Indicator of increased work of breathing in infants; the head falls forward with exhalation and comes up with expansion of the chest on inhalation is called

A

Head bobbing

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26
Q

Any liquid or solid that can destroy human flesh on contact or has a severe corrosion rate on steel

A

Corrosive

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28
Q

Pertaining to extremely low temperatures

A

Cryogenic

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30
Q

Nonbulk containers that normally contain liquefied gases, nonliquified gases, or mixtures under pressure; cylinders also may contain liquids or solids

A

cylinders

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32
Q

The minimum temperature at which a substance evaporates fast enough to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the substance

A

Flashpoint

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33
Q

The physical and chemical process of reducing and preventing the spread of contamination from persons and equipment used at a hazardous materials incident; also referred to as contamination reduction

A

Decontamination

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34
Q

The measure of the rate of decay of a radioactive material; indicates the time needed for half of a given amount of a radioactive material to change to another nuclear from or element

A

Half-life

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35
Q

The process of decontaminating people exposed to and potentially contaminated with hazardous materials by rapidly removing most of the contamination to reduce exposure and save lives, with secondary regard for completeness of decontamination

A

Emergency decontamination

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37
Q

HAZCOM - OSHA standard regarding worker protection when handling chemicals

A

Hazard communication standard

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38
Q

Any chemical compound, mixture, or device, the primary or common purpose of which is to function by detonation or rapid compustion ; found in liquid or solid forms

A

Explosive

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40
Q

HAZWOPER - OSHA and EPA regulations regarding worker safety when responding to hazardous materials emergencies

A

Hazardous waste operations and emergency

response

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41
Q

The capacity of a substance to ignite

A

Flammable

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42
Q

The area in which contamination currently exists or area that may be contaminated in a short period; also called the exclusion area. Patients are removed from this area to the warm zone for decontamination. Entrance to the hot zone requires proper PPE

A

Hot zone

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44
Q

Any compressed gas that meets requirements for lower flammability limit, flammability limit range, flame projection, or flame propagation as specified in CFR title 49, sec 173.300 (b) (ex butane, acetylene, hydrogen, propane)

A

Flammable gases

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45
Q

IDHLs - maximal environmental air concentration of a substance from which a person could escape within 30 mins without symptoms of impairment or irreversible health effects

A

immediately dangerous to life or health concentrations

47
Q

The concentration of fuel and air between the lower flammable limit or lower explosive limit and the upper flammable limit or upper explosive limit; the mixture of fuel and air in the flammable range supports combustion

A

Flammable range

48
Q

HAZCOM - OSHA standard regarding worker protection when handling chemicals

A

Hazard communication standard

52
Q

LD50 - the oral or dermal exposure dose that kills 50% of the exposed animal population in 2 weeks

A

Lethal dose 50%

53
Q

Damage present at the point of chemical contact

A

Local damage

55
Q

The minimal concentration of fuel in the air that will ignite; below this point too much oxygen and not enough fuel to burn (too lean) are present; also called the lower explosive limit

A

Lower flammable limit

56
Q

MSDS - a document that contains information about the specific identity of a hazardous chemical; information includes exact name and physical properties and emergency telephone numbers

A

Material safety data sheet

58
Q

The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid (ex ice melting to water at 0 C or 32 F)

A

Melting point

59
Q

Dilation of the pupils

A

Mydriasis

60
Q

NFPA - international voluntary membership organization that promotes improved fire protection and prevention and establishes safeguards against loss of life and property by fire; writes and publishes national voluntary consensus standards

A

National fire protection association

62
Q

Penetrating radiation that can result in whole body irradiation

A

Neutron radiation

63
Q

Desensitization of the sense of smell

A

Olfactory fatigue

64
Q

OSHA - a unit of the us department of labor that establishes protective standards, enforces those standards, and reaches out to employers and employees through technical assistance and consultation programs

A

occupational safety and health administration

66
Q

The ability of a substance to readily release oxygen to stimulate combustion

A

Oxidation ability

67
Q

Allowable air concentration of a substance in the workplace as established by OSHA; these values are legally enforceable

A

Permissible exposure limit

68
Q

PPE - clothing and equipment worn to protect against environmental hazards

A

Personal protective equipment

70
Q

Diamond shaped signs placed on the sides and ends of bulk transport containers that carry hazardous materials

A

Placards

72
Q

Describes gases, liquids, or other substances of such nature that exposure to a very small amount is dangerous to life or is a hazard to health; also know as toxic (cyanide, arsenic, pesticides, phosgene, aniline, methyl bromide, insecticides)

A

Poisonous

73
Q

psi - the amount of pressure on an area that is 1 inch square

A

Pounds per square inchre

75
Q

Substances that form self-ignitable flammable vapors when in contact with a

A

Pyrophorics

77
Q

The ability to emit ionizing radioactive energy

A

Radioactive

79
Q

Any material or combination of materials that spontaneously emit ionizing radiation and have a specific activity greater than 0.002 (plutonium, cobalt, uranium 235, radioactive waste)

A

Radioactive substances

81
Q

The spontaneous disintegration of unstable nuclei accompanied by the emission of nuclear radiation

A

Radioactivity

82
Q

Particles or pure energy that produces changes in matter by creating ion pairs

A

Ionizing radiation

83
Q

LC50 - the air concentration of a substance that kills 50% of the exposed animal population’ this denotes the concentration and the length of exposure

A

Lethal concentration 50 %

84
Q

LD50 - the oral or dermal exposure dose that kills 50% of the exposed animal population in 2 weeks

A

Lethal dose 50%

85
Q

Damage present at the point of chemical contact

A

Local damage

86
Q

The minimal concentration of fuel in the air that will ignite; below this point too much oxygen and not enough fuel to burn (too lean) are present; also called the lower explosive limit

A

Lower flammable limit

87
Q

MSDS - a document that contains information about the specific identity of a hazardous chemical; information includes exact name and physical properties and emergency telephone numbers

A

Material safety data sheet

88
Q

The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid (ex ice melting to water at 0 C or 32 F)

A

Melting point

89
Q

Dilation of the pupils

A

Mydriasis

90
Q

NFPA - international voluntary membership organization that promotes improved fire protection and prevention and establishes safeguards against loss of life and property by fire; writes and publishes national voluntary consensus standards

A

National fire protection association

91
Q

Penetrating radiation that can result in whole body irradiation

A

Neutron radiation

92
Q

Desensitization of the sense of smell

A

Olfactory fatigue

93
Q

A unit of the us department of labor that establishes protective standards, enforces those standards, and reaches out to employers and employees through technical assistance and consultation programs

A

Occupational safety and health administration

94
Q

The ability of a substance to readily release oxygen to stimulate combustion

A

Oxidation ability

95
Q

Allowable air concentration of a substance in the workplace as established by OSHA; these values are legally enforceable

A

Permissible exposure limit

96
Q

PPE - clothing and equipment worn to protect against environmental hazards

A

Personal protective equipment

97
Q

Diamond shaped signs placed on the sides and ends of bulk transport containers that carry hazardous materials

A

Placards

98
Q

Describes gases, liquids, or other substances of such nature that exposure to a very small amount is dangerous to life or is a hazard to health; also know as toxic (cyanide, arsenic, pesticides, phosgene, aniline, methyl bromide, insecticides)

A

Poisonous

99
Q

Psi - the amount of pressure on an area that is 1 inch square

A

Pounds per square inch

100
Q

Substances that form self-ignitable flammable vapors when in contact with air

A

Pyrophorics

101
Q

The ability to emit ionizing radioactive energy

A

Radioactive

102
Q

Any material or combination of materials that spontaneously emit ionizing radiation and have a specific activity greater than 0.002 (plutonium, cobalt, uranium 235, radioactive waste)

A

Radioactive substances

103
Q

The spontaneous disintegration of unstable nuclei accompanied by the emission of nuclear radiation

A

Radioactivity

104
Q

The risk of another person or healthcare provider becoming contaminated with a hazardous material by contact with a contaminated victim

A

Secondary contamination

105
Q

An explosive, chemical, or biologic device hidden at the scene of an emergency and set to detonate or release its agent after emergency response personnel are on scene

A

Secondary device

106
Q

Inert gases and vapors that displace oxygen in inspired air (ex carbon dioxide, nitrogen)

A

simple asphyxiants

107
Q

The ratio of a liquid’s weight compared with an equal volume of water (which has a constant value of 1); materials with a specific gravity of less than 1 float on water, and materials with a specific gravity greater than 1 sink

A

Specific gravity

108
Q

Damage remote to the site of exposure or absorption

A

Systemic damage

109
Q

The airborne concentrations of a substance; represents conditions under which nearly all workers are believed to be repeatedly exposed day after day without adverse effects. Exposed day after day without adverse effects.

A

Threshold limit value

110
Q

Trailers that carry multiple cylinders of pressurized gases

A

Tube trailers

111
Q

The concentration of fuel in the air above which the vapors cannot be ignited; above this point too much fuel and not enough oxygen are present to burn (too rich) ; also called the upper explosive limit

A

Upper flammable limit

112
Q

The weight of a volume of pure gas compared with the weight of an equal volume of pure dry air (which has a constant value of 1); materials with a vapor density less than 1 are lighter than air and rise when released; materials with a vapor density greater than 1 are heavier than air and sink when released

A

Vapor density

113
Q

The pressure exerted by a vapor against the sides of a closed container; a measure of volatility

A

Vapor pressure

114
Q

A measure of how quickly a material passes into the vapor or gas state; the greater the volatility, the greater its rate of evaporation

A

Volatility

115
Q

Area surrounding the hot zone that functions as a safety buffer area, decontamination area, and as an access and egress point to and from the ot zone; also called the contamination reduction zone

A

Warm zone

116
Q

Materials that violently decompose and or burn vigorously when they come in contact with moisture

A

Water reactive materials

117
Q

The degree to which a material or its vapors are soluble in water

A

Water solubility

118
Q

Noise made when the visceral and parietal pleura rub together is called?

A

Pleural friction rub

119
Q

The apical impulse; the site where the heartbeat is most strongly felt is called

A

Point of maximum impulse (PMI)

120
Q

A measured percent of saturated hemoglobin is called?

A

Pulse oximetry

121
Q

The difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures is called?

A

Pulse pressure

122
Q

Bruising around the orbits of the eyes is called?

A

Raccoon eyes

123
Q

The full and natural range of a joint’s movement is called?

A

Range of motion

124
Q

A quick head-to-toe assessment of a medical patient who is unresponsive or has an altered mental status is called?

A

Rapid medical assessment

125
Q

A quick head-to-toe assessment of a trauma patient with a significant mechanism of injury is called?

A

Rapid trauma assessment

126
Q

Discomfort experienced by the patient that occurs when the pressure from palpation is released is called?

A

Rebound tenderness

127
Q

Sinking in of the soft tissues above the sternum or clavicle or between or below the ribs during inhalation is called?

A

Retractions

128
Q

The inability to remember events or recall memories from before an event in which the head was struck is called?

A

Retrograde amnesia

129
Q

The sound of the tricuspid and mitral valves closing is called?

A

S1

130
Q

The sound of the closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves is called?

A

S2

131
Q

______are a medical or trauma condition of the patient that can be seen, heard, smelled, measured, or felt during the examination; _______ are conditions described by the patient, such as shortness of breath, or pieces of information bystanders tell you about the patient’s chief complaint is called?

A

Signs and Symptoms

132
Q

Inadequate system perfusion is called?

A

Shock

133
Q

The elasticity of the skin; good skin turgor returns the skin’s natural shape within 2 seconds is called?

A

Skin Turgor

134
Q

Neck Flexion at the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae, with the head extended at the first and second cervical vertebrae. This position aligns the axes of the mouth, pharynx, and trachea, opening the airway and increasing airflow is called?

A

Sniffing position

135
Q

Noisy breathing through the mouth and nose during sleep; caused by air passing through a narrowed upper airway is called?

A

Snoring

136
Q

A harsh, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration associated with upper airway obstruction; often described as a high-pitched crowing or “seal bark” sound is called?

A

Stridor

137
Q

The period when the ventricles are contracting is called?

A

Systole

138
Q

The pressure exerted against the walls of the large arteries at the peak of ventricular contraction is called?

A

Systolic blood pressure

139
Q

A heart rate greater than 100 beats/min is called?

A

Tachycardia

140
Q

An increased respiratory rate, usually greater than 30 breaths/min. is called?

A

Tachypnea

141
Q

The volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during a normal breath; can be indirectly evaluated by observing the rise and fall of the patient’s chest and abdomen is called?

A

Tidal volume

142
Q

Position used to maintain an open airway that involves sitting upright and leaning forward with the neck slightly extended, chin projected, and mouth open and supported by the arms is called?

A

Tripod position

143
Q

Any noise that elicits some sort of response from the patient is called?

A

Verbal stimulus

144
Q

A standardized board used to test vision is called?

A

Visual acuity card

145
Q

Conscious contraction of the abdominal muscles in an attempt to prevent painful palpation is called?

A

Voluntary guarding

146
Q

High-pitched whistling sounds produced by air moving through narrowed airway passages is called?

A

Wheezes

paramedicine (9 decks)

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