Drugs Flashcards
Generic Name- Activated Charcoal What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Charcola, InstaChar, Liqui-Char
Classification: Adsorbent, antidote
Action: When certain chemicals and toxins are in proximity to the activated charcoal, the chemical will attach to the surface of the charcoal and become trapped.
Indications: Oral, Nasogastric tube, orogastric tube
Contraindications: Corrosive materials, Caustics, Patients with active gastrointestinal bleeding
Generic Name- Acetaminophen What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Aspirin free, Aspirin Free Anacin, Datril
Classification: Nonnarcotic analgesic, antipyretic
Action: Exact mechanism is unknown but its thought to act primarily in the CNS and increase the pain threshold by inhibiting cyclooxygenase
Indications: Fever; mild to moderate pain caused by headache, muscle ache, backache, toothache, arthritis, or menstrual cramps
Contraindications: Chronic alcohol abuse, previous hypersensitivity
Generic Name- Aspirin, ASA What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Aspergum, Bayer, Ecotrin, Empirin
Classification: Nonnarcotic analgesic, antipyretic, antiplatelet, salicylate
Action: Prevents the formation of the chemical thromboxane A2, which causes platelets to clump together, or aggregate, and form plugs that cause obstruction or constriction of small coronary arteries
Indications: Pain, discomfort, fever in adult patients only
Chest pain or others signs/symptoms suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome (Unless hypersensitive to aspirin)
ECG changes suggestive of acute myocardial infarction
Unstable angina
Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to salicylates or other NSAID that has led to hypotension and/or bronchospasm
Bleeding ulcer, hemorrhagic states, bleeding disorders (e.g., hemophilia)
Children and adolescents (paramedics should not administer aspirin to this age group)_
Generic Name- Ibuprofen What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Advil, Motrin
Classification: Nonnarcotic analgesic, antipyretic, NSAID
Action: Inhibits the synthesis and actions of certain prostaglandins that are responsible for a large part of the inflammatory process and pain
Indications: Arthritis, fever, mild to moderate pain from menstrual cramps, arthritis, joint and muscle pain, headache
Contraindications: Angioedema or previous hypersensitivity to this drug
Bronchospasm reactivity to aspirin or other NSAIDs
Nasal Polyps
Generic Name- Naproxen Sodium What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Aleve, Naproxyn, Anaprox
Classification: Nonnarcotic analgesic, antipyretic, NSAIDs
Action: Competitively inhibits both cyclooxygenase (COX) isoenzymes, COX-1, COX-2 by blocking arachidonate binding, resulting in analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory pharmacologic effects
Indications: Mild to moderate pain from arthritis, menstrual pain, musculoskeletal pain, acute gout
Contraindications: Previous history of hypersensitivity, Asthma or bronchospasm, Urticaria, angioedema, Nasal polyps
Generic Name- Morphine Sulfate What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Duramorph, MS Contin, Roxanol
Classification: Narcotic analgesic, Schedule II controlled substance
Action: Binds with opioid receptors; morphine is capable of inducing hypotension by depression of the vasomotor centers of the brain as well as release of the chemical histamine; in the management of angina, morphine reduces stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system caused by pain and anxiety; reduction of the sympathetic stimulation reduces heart rate, cardiac work, and myocardial oxygen consumption
Indications: Analgesia, especially in patients with an acute coronary syndrome, kidney stones, or burns with moderate to severe pain
Contraindications: Significant hypotension, head-injured patients, pregnancy, impaired pulmonary function, liver or kidney disease, endocrine disease
Use with caution in acute bronchial asthma
Generic Name- Meperidine hydrochloride What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Demerol
Classification: Narcotic analgesic, schedule II controlled substance
Action: Binds to opiate receptors, producing analgesia and euphoria
Indications: Moderate to severe pain, pain with allergies to other opioids
Contraindications: Renal failure, tachycardia
Patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors, other central nervous system depressants, or alcohol
Generic Name- Fentanyl Citrate What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Sublimaze
Classification: Narcotic analgesic, general anesthetic, schedule II
Action: Binds to opiate receptors, producing analgesia and euphoria
Indications: Pain control, sedation for rapid-sequence intubation, sedation for prolonged intubation
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, myasthenia gravis, use with caution in traumatic brain injury, respiratory depression
Generic Name- Butorphanol Tartate What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Stadol
Classification: Narcotic agonist-antagonist analgesic, schedule IV controlled substance
Action: Produces analgesia by binding to opioid receptors
Indications: Relief of moderate to severe pain, preoperative anesthetic
Contraindications: Respiratory depression, hypersensitivity, active substance abuse
Generic Name- Nalbuphine hydrochloride What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Nubain
Classification: Synthetic narcotic agonist-antagonist analgesic
Action: Produces analgesia by binding to opioid receptor
Indications: Chest pain, moderate to severe pain, pulmonary edema
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, hypovolemia, hypotension
Generic Name- Nalaxone hydrochloride What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Narcan
Classification: Opioid narcotic antagonist
Action: Binds to opioid receptors and blocks the effects of narcotics
Indications: Antidote for opioid overdoses
Coma of unknown etiology to rule out (or reverse) opioid-induced coma
Complete or partial reversal of narcotic depression, including respiratory depression induced by natural and synthetic narcotics and narcotic-antagonist analgesics
Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity, supraventricular arrhythmias or other cardiac disease, head trauma, brain tumor
Generic Name- Diazepam What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Valium
Classification: Benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant, sedative, anxiolytic, schedule 4 controlled substance
Action: Binds to the benzodiazepine receptor and enhances the effects of GABA; benzodiazepines act at the level of the limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic regions of the CNS and can produce any level of CNS depression required
Indications: Status epilepticus
Transient analgesia/amnesia for medical procedures (e.g., cardioversion, transcutaneous pacing)
Management of symptoms of alcohol withdrawal (delirium tremens)
Anxiety, skeletal muscle relaxation
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to bezodiazepines
Substance abuse, alcohol intoxication
Children under 6 months,
Coma, shock
Acute-angle glaucoma
CNS depression from head trauma or increased intracranial pressure
Respiratory depression
Generic Name- Lorazepam What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Ativan
Classification: Benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, Schedule 4 controlled substance
Action: Binds to the benzodiazepine receptor and enhances the effects of the brain chemical GABA, an inhibitory transmitter, and may result in a state of sedation, hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, coma
Indications: Agitation requiring sedation, status epilepticus, alcohol withdrawal, pre-procedure sedation induction
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, substance abuse, coma, shock, severe hypotension, CNS depression, COPD, sleep apnea, acute closed-angle glaucoma
Generic Name- Atropine Sulfate What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Atropine
Classification: Parasympatholytic, antimuscarinic, anticholinergic, parasympathetic antagonist, parasympathetic blocker
Action: Competes reversibly with acetylcholine at the site of the muscarinic receptors; receptors affected, in order from the most to least sensitive, include salivary, bronchial, sweat glands, eye, heart, and gastrointestinal tract
Indications: Symptomatic bradycardia, asystole, pulseless electrical activity, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor poisoning (certain mushrooms, insecticides, nerve gas), refractory bronchospasm
Contraindications: Tachycardia, hypersensitivity to atropine, obstructive disease of gastrointestinal tract, obstructive uropathy, acute narrow-angle glaucoma, acute MI, myasthenia gravis
Generic Name- Norepinephrine What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Levophed, Levarterenol
Classification: Direct-acting adrenergic agent, inotrope, vasopressor
Action: Norepinephrine is an alpha1, and beta1 agonist; alpha-mediated peripheral vasoconstriction is the predominant clinical result of administration, resulting in increasing blood pressure and coronary blood flow; beta-adrenergic action produces inotropic stimulation of the heart and dilates the coronary arteries
Indications: Cardiogenic shock, neurogenic shock, severe hypotension not caused by hypovolemia
Contraindications: Hypotension from hypovolemia, patients taking MAOIs
Generic Name- Epinephrine What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Adrenalin, EpiPen
Classification: Natural catecholamine; sympathomimetic, adrenergic agent, inotrope
Action: Binds strongly with both alpha and beta receptors, producing increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and bronchodilation
Indications: Cardiac arrest, profound bradycardia, sever bronchospasm, anaphylaxis
Contraindications: None in cardiac arrest, hypovolemic shock, coronary insufficiency, closed-angle glaucoma, diabetes, pregnant women in active labor, known hypersensitivity, arrhythmias other than VF, asystole, PEA
Generic Name- Dopamine hydrochloride What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Dopamine hydrochloride
Classification: Direct- and indirect-acting sympathomimetic; cardiac stimulant and vasopressor, natural catecholamine; adrenergic agonist; inotrope
Action: Stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors at moderat doses; dopamine stimulates beta1 receptors, resulting in inotrophy and increased cardiac output while maintaining dopaminergic-induced vasodilatory effects; at higher doses, alpha adrenergic agonism predominates, and increases peripheral vascular resistance and vasoconstriction result
Indications: Hemodynamically significant bradydysrhythmias that have not responded to atropine and/or when external pacing is unavailable
Hypotension that occurs after return of spontaneous circulation
Hemodynamically significant hypotension in the absence of hypovolemia-cardiogenic shock, septic shock, anaphylaxis
Contraindications: Hypovolemia, pheochromocytoma, uncorrected tachydysrhythmias or VF, monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Generic Name- Lidocaine hydrochloride What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Xylocaine
Classification: 1B antiarrhythmic
Action: Blocks sodium channels, increasing the recovery period after repolarization; suppresses automaticity in the His-Purkinje system and depolarization in the ventricles
Indications: Ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest, wide-complex tachycardia when amiodarone is not available, preintubation for head trauma or intracranial bleeding
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to lidocaine or amide-type local anesthetics
Severe degrees of sinoatrial, atrioventricular, or intraventricular block in the absence of an artificial pacemaker
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Adams-Stokes syndrome
Generic Name- Procainamide What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Pronestyl, Procan SR
Classification: Class 1a antiarrhythmic
Action: Blocks influx of sodium through membrane pores, consequently suppressing atrial and ventricular arrhythmias by slowing conduction in myocardial tissue
Indications: Supraventricular tachycardia, control of rapid ventricular rate in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, wide-complex tachycardia
Alternative to amiodarone for stable monomorphic VT with normal QT interval and preserved ventricular function
Contraindications: Complete atrioventricular block in the absence of an artificial pacemaker
Patients sensitive to procaine or other ester-type local anesthetics
Patients with a prolonged QRS duration or QT interval because of the potential for heart block
Pre-existing QT prolongation/torsades de pointes
Digitalis toxicity (procainamide may further depress conduction)
Generic Name- Metoprolol What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Lopressor, Toprol XL
Classification: Beta-adrenergic blocker, class 2 antiarrhythmic
Action: Inhibits the strength of the hearts contractions as well as heart rate; this results in a decrease in cardiac oxygen consumption; also saturates the beta receptors and inhibits dilation of bronchial smooth muscle (beta2 receptor)
Indications: Acute coronary syndromes, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, hypertension, thyrotoxicosis
Contraindications: Heart failure, second- or third-degree heart block, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, bradycardia, bronchospasm, hypersensitivity
Generic Name- Propranolol What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Inderal
Classification: Beta-adrenergic blocker, class 2 antiarrhythmic
Action: Nonselective beta antagonist that binds with both beta1 and beta2 receptors; propranolol inhibits the strength of the heart’s contractions and heart rate; the result is a decrease in cardiac oxygen consumption
Indications: Hypertension, angina pectoris, ventricular tachycardia refractory to other therapy, thyroid storm, migraine headaches
Contraindications: Sinus bradycardia, second- or third-degree atrioventricular block, asthma, cardiogenic shock, pulmonary edema, uncompensated heart failure, known hypersensitivity, sick sinus syndrome
Generic Name- Amiodarone hydrochloride What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Cordarone
Classification: Class 3 antiarrhythmic; although amiodarone is considered a class 3 antiarrhythmic, it possesses electrophysiologic characteristics of all four classes of antiarrhythmics
Amiodarone blocks sodium channels (class 1 action), inhibits sympathetic stimulation (class 2 action), and blocks potassium channels (class 3 action) as well as calcium channels (class 4 action)
Action: Acts directly on the myocardium to delay repolarization and increase the duration of the action potential
Indications: Shock-refractory pulseless VT/VF
Polymorphic VT, wide-complex tachycardia of uncertain origin
VT when cardioversion unsuccessful
Adjunct to electrical cardioversion of supraventricular tachycardia/paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, atrial tachycardia
Rate control of atrial fibrillation or flutter when other therapies ineffective
Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity
Severe sunus node dysfunction causing marked sinus bradycardia
Second- and third-degree atrioventricular block
Syncope from bradycardia (except when used in conjuction with a pacemaker)
Pulmonary congestion
Cardiogenic shock
hypotension
Generic Name- Diltiazem What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Cardizem
Classification: Calcium channel blocker (calcium antagonist), class 4 antiarrhythmic
Action: Blocks calcium from moving into the heart muscle cell, which prolongs the conduction of electrical impulses through the AV node
Indications: Atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular rate
Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Supraventricular tachycardia
Contraindications: Wide QRS tachycardia of uncertain origin
Poison/drug-induced tachycardias
Digitalis toxicity (may worsen heart block)
Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter with an accessory bypass tract (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Sick sinus syndrome except with a functioning ventricular pacemaker
Severe heart failure
Second- or third-degree atrioventricular block
Hypotension
Cardiogenic shock
Generic Name- Verapamil What is the: Trade Name Classification Action Indications Contraindications
Trade Name: Isoptin, Calan
Classification: Calcium channel blocker (calcium antagonist), class 4
Action: Blocks calcium from moving into the heart muscle cell, which prolongs the conduction of electrical impulses through the AV node; also dilates arteries
Indications: Supraventricular tachycardia
Atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response
Unstable angina, chronic angina
Contraindications: Wide QRS tachycardia of uncertain origin
Poison/drug-induced tachycardias
Digitalis toxicity (may worsen heart block)
Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter with an accessory bypass tract (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome)
Sick sinus syndrome except with a functioning ventricular pacemaker
Severe heart failure
Second- or third-degree atrioventricular block
Hypotension
Cardiogenic shock
