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paramedicine > Medical > Flashcards

Medical Flashcards

1
Q

The top layer of skin composed of epidermal cells are called what?

A

keratinocytes

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2
Q

A lesion that has not been altered y scratching, rubbing, scrubbing or other types of trauma is known as what?

A

Primary skin lesion

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3
Q

Is a flat, circumscribed (well defined) discolored lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter like a freckle is called?

A

Macule

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4
Q

Is an elevated solid lesion usually less than .5 cm in diameter like a wart is called?

A

Papule

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5
Q

An elevated, solid lesion usually greater than .5 cm in diameter that lacks any deep component is called?

A

Plaque

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6
Q

A flat, circumscribed, discolored lesion greater than 1 cm, a large macule or Mongolian spot is called?

A

Patch

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7
Q

An elevated solid lesion in the deep skin or subcutaneous tissues, also called larger or deeper papules are called?

A

Nodule

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8
Q

A firm, rounded flat-topped elevation of skin that is evanescent and pruritic (hive) is known as what?

A

Wheal

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9
Q

An elevated lesion that contains clear fluid and is less than .5cm also known as a water blister is called?

A

Vesicle

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10
Q

A localized, fluid-filled lesion usually greater than .5 cm also known as a blister is called?

A

Bulla

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11
Q

A lesion that contains purulent material also known as acne is called?

A

Pustule

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12
Q

an elevated and circumscribed, walled cavity that contains fluid or purulent material is called?

A

Cyst

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13
Q

a primary lesion that has been altered by scratching, scrubbing, or other types of trauma or caused by a type of injury or insult is known as?

A

Secondary skin lesion

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14
Q

a collection of cellular debris or dried blood or scab is called?

A

crust

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15
Q

is a partial focal loss of epidermis is known as what?

A

Erosion

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16
Q

A full-thickness crater that involves the dermis and epidermis, with loss of the surface epithelium is called?

A

Ulcer

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17
Q

A vertical loss of epidermis and dermis with sharply defined walls is called?

A

Fissure

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18
Q

a linear erosion created by scratching is called?

A

Exocriation

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19
Q

A collection of new connective tissue is called?

A

Scar

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20
Q

There are two common categories of skin cancer, what are they?

A

Nonmelanoma and malignant melanoma

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21
Q

Pressure ulcers are also known as what?

A

Decubitis

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22
Q

Atopic dermatitis and what often are used interchangeably?

A

Eczema

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23
Q

A superficial vesicopustular skin infection that primarily occurs on exposed areas of the face and extremities from scratching infected lesions is called?

A

Impetigo

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24
Q

Tiniea of the Head, scalp

A

capitas

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25
Q

Tinea of the body

A

corporis

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26
Q

Tinea of the groin or genitalia

A

cruris

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27
Q

Tinea of the feet

A

pedis

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28
Q

Tinea of the hands

A

Manuum

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29
Q

Tinea of the fingernails or toenails

A

Unguium

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30
Q

Tinea of the trunk

A

versicolor

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31
Q

A substance that can reverse the adverse effects of a poison

A

Antidote

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32
Q

A substance that can reverse the adverse effects of a venom by binding to it and inactivating it

A

Antivenin

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33
Q

a pesticide that inhibits acetylchoinesterase

A

Carbamate

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34
Q

Substances that decrease the time a poison spends in the GI tract by increasing bowel motility

A

Cathartics

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35
Q

A substance with a pH greater than 7; also known as a base or alkali

A

caustic

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36
Q

A substance that can bind metals; used as an antidote to many heavy metal poisonings

A

Chelating agent

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37
Q

Unique identification number of chemicals, much like a person’s Social Security number

A

Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS) number

38
Q

A substance able to corrode tissue or metal (e.g., acids and bases)

A

Corrosive

39
Q

The process of removing dangerous substances from the patient; may involve removing substances from the skin and or removing substances from the GI tract

A

Decontamination

40
Q

Inernalization of more than the safe amount of a medication or drug; often associated with illegal drugs when a user administers too great an amount of substance; may be used to commit suicide

A

Drug overdose

41
Q

The process of injecting venom into a wound; venomous animals include snakes, insects, and marine creatures

A

Envenomation

42
Q

A large molecule that performs a biochemical reaction in the cell

A

Enzyme

43
Q

A method of internal decontamination that involves emptying the stomach contents through an orogastric or nasogastric tube

A

Gastric lavage

44
Q

A member of a large class of chemicals belonging to the petroleum derivative family; they have a variety of uses, such as solvents, oils, reagents, and fuels

A

Hydrocarbons

45
Q

Being under the effect of a toxin or drug; common terminology (nonmedical) refers to intoxication as being under the effect of alcohol or illegal drugs

A

Intoxification

46
Q

The injury seen when skin and cells are dissolved and die; bases (alkalis) commonly cause this injury

A

Liquefacation necrosis

47
Q

The oxidation of hemoglobin from the ferrous iron to the ferric iron state.

A

Methemoglobinemia

48
Q

The stinging cells many marine creatures use to envenomate and immobilize prey.

A

Nematocyst

49
Q

A substance that counteracts the effects of acids or bases; brings the pH of a solution back to 7

A

Neutralizing agent

50
Q

Desensitization of the sense of smell

A

olfactory fatigue

51
Q

a pesticide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase

A

organophosphate

52
Q

The accidental or intentional ingestion of an excess of a substance with the potential for toxicity

A

Overdose

53
Q

Any substance that can harm the human body also known as a toxin

A

Poison

54
Q

Any one of a number of large molecules composed of amino acids that form the structural components of cells or carry out biochemical functions

A

protein

55
Q

A substance converted to a toxin through a biochemical process in the body; would be harmless if not converted

A

Protoxin

56
Q

The ration of the amount of drug to produce a therapeutic dose compared with the amount of drug that produces a lethal does; a narrow therapeutic window is dangerous because of the greater possibility of undermedicating and the greater possibility of overdosing

A

Therapeutic index

57
Q

the study of poisons

A

Toxicology

58
Q

A classification system of toxic syndromes by signs and symptoms

A

Toxidrome

59
Q

Any substance that can harm the human body; also known as a poison

A

Toxin

60
Q

The 4 digit number assigned to chemicals during transit by the U.S. DOT; the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebooks lists useful information about these chemicals

A

UN number

61
Q

The pressure exerted by a vapor against the sides of a closed container; a measure of volatility-high vapor pressure means it is a volatile substance.

A

Vapor pressure

62
Q

The poison injected by venomous animals such as snakes, insects, and marine creatures

A

Venom

63
Q

A measure of how quickly a material passes into the vapor or gas state; the greater the volatility, the greater its rate of evaporation

A

Volatility

64
Q

Chemical release or spill awareness acronym is what?

A

Recognize, Avoid, Isolate, Notify (RAIN)

65
Q

Chemical database WISER stands for what?

A

Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders

66
Q

The DOT defines a strong acid or base at what pH?

A

Strong Acid is less than 2 and Strong base is more than 12.5

67
Q

Ammonium nitrate can cause methemoglobinemia in infants called?

A

blue baby

68
Q

an agent that kills or impedes a viurs

A

Antiviral

69
Q

The period after infection during which the disease may be transmitted to another host

A

Communicable period

70
Q

The interval between the first appearance of symptoms and resolution

A

Disease period

71
Q

A body’s ability to resist a particular disease

A

Immunity

72
Q

The time between exposure to a disease pathogen and the appearance of the first signs or symptoms

A

Incubation period

73
Q

Inflammation and swelling of the cornea

A

Keratitis

74
Q

Period during and after infection in which the disease is no longer transmissable

A

Latent period

75
Q

Inflammation of the inner brain coverings

A

Leptomeningitis

76
Q

General feeling of illness without any specific symptoms

A

Malaise

77
Q

A symptom indicating the onset of a disease

A

Prodrome

78
Q

The ability of the body to defend itself against disease-causing microorganisms

A

Resistance

79
Q

Distorted grinning expression caused by involuntary contraction of the facial muscles

A

Risus sardonicus

80
Q

vulnerability or weakness to a specific pathogen; the opposite of resistance

A

Susceptibility

81
Q

Repeated, prolonged contraction of muscles, especially of the face and limbs

A

Tetany

82
Q

A mode of transmission of a disease, typically from an insect or animal

A

Vector

83
Q

A term used to refer to either the relative pathogenicity or the relative ability to do damage to the host of an infectious agaent

A

Virulence

84
Q

The period after infection during which the antigen is present but no antibody is detectable

A

Window phase

85
Q

Successful transmission of disease requires 3 conditions what are they?

A

virulence (strength of the organism) of the disease or its dose, immune status of the host, and the correct mode of entry

86
Q

Syphilis can affect any organ system and has come to be known as what?

A

The great imitator

87
Q

What is the second most common STD in the US?

A

Gonorrhea

88
Q

What is the most common STD in the US?

A

Chlamydia

89
Q

Chlamydia is the leading cause of preventable _______ worldwide.

A

Blindness

90
Q

An Act that requires that employers designate a person or officer within the organization to whom exposed employees should report is called?

A

The Ryan White Act

paramedicine (9 decks)

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