Patient Assessment Flashcards
What is aphasia?
Impairment of language that affects the production or understanding of speech and ability to read or write
What four things should a patient be alert and oriented to?
Person
Place
Time
Event
Battle sign can be seen where? And what causes it?
Over the mastoid process
Indicative of a skull fracture
What is Beck Triad?
Narrowed pulse pressure
Muffled heart tones
JVD
Associated with cardiac tamponade, usually from penetrating chest trauma
Where is bruit heard? What does it sound like?
A whooshing sound in the carotid artery
DCAP-BTLS?
Deformities Contusion Abrasion Penetration Burns Tenderness Lacerations Swelling
What is the difference between dementia and delirium?
Dementia: slow onset of progressive disorientation and loss of cognitive function
Delirium: rapid change in mental status
What are dermatomes?
Distinct areas of skin that correspond to specific spinal or cranial nerve levels where sensory nerves enter the central nervous system
What is diaphoresis?
Excessive sweating
What is the term for double vision?
Diplopia
What does JVD indicate?
Decreased venous return to the heart
What is kyphosis?
Outward curve of the thoracic spine
What is lordosis?
Exaggerated inward curve of the lumbar spine.
What is murmur? And what does it indicate?
An abnormal whoosh sound over the heart indicating turbulent blood flow over cardiac valve.
What is paresthesias?
Tingling feeling or sensory change
What is the term for the ability to perceive the position and movement of ones body or limbs?
Proprioception
What does pulse oximetry measure?
Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds
What is a humming vibration palates through the chest wall?
Thrill
What do you call normal lung sounds?
Vesicular lung sounds
How do you test for disability in cranial nerve I?
Check smell
How do you test for disability in cranial nerve II?
Check visual acuity
How do you test for disability in cranial nerve III?
Chen pupil size, shape, symmetry, response to light, eye movements
How do you test for disability in cranial nerve IV?
Check eye movements
How do you test for disability in cranial nerve V?
Check jaw clench, touch both sides of face at forehead, cheeks, and jaw
How do you test for disability in cranial nerve VI?
Check eye movements
How do you test for disability in cranial nerve VII?
Check facial symmetry; look for abnormal movements; raise eyebrows, grin broadly, frown, shut eyes tightly, puff out cheeks; note any asymmetry
How do you test for disability in cranial nerve VIII?
Check hearing and balance
How do you test for disability in cranial nerve IX and X?
Check swallowing; perform general physical exam
How do you test for disability in cranial nerve XI?
Check shoulder shrug; turn head from left to right and back
How do you test for disability in cranial nerve XII?
Check swallowing; turn head from left to right and back
What is scoliosis?
Sideways curvature of the spine
Which side of the chest has more lobes of lungs?
Right side
What does clubbing look like?
The angle between the nail and the nail base exceeds or approaches 180 degrees
What is clubbing a sign of?
Chronic respiratory disease
What is psoriasis? And what is it a sign of?
Pitting, discoloration, and subungual thickening of the nail
It’s a sign of auto immune disease.
What are terry nails? And what are they a sign of?
Transverse white bands that cover the nail except the distal tip.
Sign of cirrhosis.
What three physical signs does the Glasgow coma scale check?
Eye opening
Verbal response
Motor response
What are the Glasgow coma scores for motor response?
Follows commands - 6 Localizes pain - 5 Withdraws to pain - 4 Decorticate flexion - 3 Decerebrate extension - 2 No response - 1
What are the Glasgow coma scores for verbal response?
Oriented and converses - 5 Disoriented conversation - 4 Speaking but nonsensical - 3 Moans or makes unintelligible sounds - 2 No response - 1
What are the Glasgow coma scores for eye opening?
Spontaneous - 4
To verbal command - 3
To pain - 2
No response - 1
