Chest Trauma Flashcards
What is commotio cordis?
An event in which an often fatal cardiac dysrhythmia is produced by a sudden blow to the thoracic cavity.
What is atelectasis?
Alveolar collapse
What is exophthalmos?
Protrusion of the eyes from the normal position within the socket
What is a hemopneumothorax?
A collection of blood and air in the pleural cavity
What is a hemothorax?
Collection of blood in the pleural space
Where is the intercostal space?
How is it labeled?
The space between two ribs.
Named according to the number of the rib above it.
Contains the intercostal muscle and neurovascular bundle
What causes JVD?
Increased volume or pressure within the central venous system or thoracic cavity
What is the manubrium?
Superior segment of the sternum
What is the mediastinum?
Space within the chest that contains the heart, major blood vessels, vagus nerve, trachea, and esophagus. Located between the lungs.
What is an open pneumothorax?
The result of a defect in the chest wall that allows air to enter the thoracic space.
What is pericardiocentesis?
A procedure in which a needle or angiocath is introduced into the pericardial sac to relieve cardiac tamponade.
What is the pericardium?
Double layered sac containing the heart and the origins of the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and pulmonary artery
What is pulsus paradoxus?
A drop in systolic blood pressure of 10 mmHg during inspiration. Commonly seen in patients with cardiac tamponade or asthma.
What do you call blood in the sclera of the eye?
Subconjunctival hematoma
Where is the suprasternal notch?
Indentation formed by the superior border of the manubrium and the clavicles.
What is a tension pneumothorax?
Collection of air within the pleural space, where the volume and pressure have both collapsed the involved lung and caused a shift of the mediastinal structures to the opposite side.
What is the thorax?
Area between the neck and the diaphragm
Where is the xiphoid process?
An inferior segment of the sternum
What are the signs and symptoms of tension pneumothorax?
Absence of breath sounds on affected side Unequal chest rise Pulsus paradoxus Tachycardia and dysrhythmia JVD (late sign) Narrow pulse pressure Tracheal deviation Difficult to bag
What is pulsus alternans?
A pattern of a weak heart beat, followed by a strong beat, which then repeats
What is Becks triad?
A composite sign of cardiac tamponade consisting of:
JVD
Muffled heart tones
Pulsus paradoxus
