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Paramedic Class > Airway Review > Flashcards

Airway Review Flashcards

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0
Q

What are abnormal upper airway sounds?

A

Stridor-high pitched musical sound

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1
Q

How do you assess shortness of breath issues?

A

Lung sounds
Pulse rate
Spo2

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2
Q

What are abnormal lower airway sounds?

A

Wheezing-high pitched sound on inspiration, expiration, or both
Rhonchi-low pitched continuous sound resulting from mucus or fluid
Crackles-(rales) airflow causes fluid to move into the lower airways

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3
Q

What issues could arise from facial injuries?

A

Nasal airways should not be used with any kind of facial bone injuries or basal skull fracture. Blood and teeth in the airway is also a possibility and should be checked.

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4
Q

What are abnormal respiratory patterns?

A 
Cheyne-stokes
Kussmaul
Biot
Apneustic
Agonal gasps
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5
Q

Describe cheyne-stokes respirations.

A

Gradually increasing rate and depth of respirations followed by a gradual decrease of respirations with intermittent periods of apnea

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6
Q

Describe kussmaul respirations.

A

Deep, rapid respirations. Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis

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7
Q

Describe biot respirations.

A

Irregular pattern, rate, and depth of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea

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8
Q

Describe apneustic respirations.

A

Prolonged gasping inhalation followed by short, ineffective exhalation.

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9
Q

How do you treat acute mountain sickness?

A

Remove them from the area, give positive pressure ventilations, and consider the use of a hyperbaric chamber.

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10
Q

What should you remember regarding stylet use?

A

Don’t let the end past Murphy’s eye.

Hold the tube in place when you withdraw the stylet.

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11
Q

What is the preferred method for ventilations for an unconscious patient for maximum volume?

A

Mouth to mask

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12
Q

What do pale, greasy bowel movements indicate?

A

Cystic fibrosis

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13
Q

What are vesicular sounds?

A

Heard over most of the lung fields and are the major normal breath sound. They are low pitched and soft.

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14
Q

What are bronchial sounds?

A

Heard only over the trachea. Highest in pitch.

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15
Q

What are bronchivesicular sounds?

A

Heard over the major bronchi and are louder than vesicular sounds. Considered to be medium pitch.

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16
Q

Where does pneumonia rank in the geriatric community?

A

fourth

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17
Q

How do you treat snoring?

A

Head tilt chin lift or jaw thrust.

Check airway for partial obstructions.

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18
Q

When should you place an NPA instead of an OPA? And vice versa?

A

Do not place an NPA with a basalar skull fracture or facial injuries.
Do not place an OPA with an intact gag reflex.

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19
Q

What is a complication of sedating for intubation?

A

Aspiration and hypotension

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20
Q

What should you be careful of when extubating?

A

Laryngospasm

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21
Q

What is a common respiration pattern with increased ICP?

A

Ataxic Biots

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22
Q

What action does albuterol have?

A

Bronchodilation

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23
Q

What are the sizes of ET tubes?

A

2.5-9.0
Adults: 5.0-9.0 cuffed
Pedi: 2.5-4.5 uncuffed

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24
Q

What is the normal ET tube size for men? And women?

A

Men: 8.0
Women: 7.5
You can go up or down .5 in either direction for different size patients.

25
Q

Why and when does cor pulmonare occur?

A

It occurs with emphysema because it destroys capillaries.

26
Q

When is the glottic opening the largest?

A

Inspiration

27
Q

What are the contraindications for an automatic transport ventilator in an emergency transport?

A

Children under 5

28
Q

What will a pulmonary embolism do to the heart? And what is a sign of that?

A

It causes blood to back up to the right side of the heart.

JVD is a sign

29
Q

What are indicators of appropriate ventilations?

A

Equal chest rise
Change in skin color
Increased spo2

30
Q

What are cheyne-stokes respirations a sign of?

A

Brain stem injury

31
Q

What does a BVM not need to function?

A

O2 supply

32
Q

If a patient presents with increased co2 and o2 is good, what should you do?

A

Increase ventilations

33
Q

What does Lou Gehrig’s disease present with?

A

Patient unable to thrive or talk

34
Q

What impact does rib fracture have on breathing?

A

Less diffusion

35
Q

What are complications of needle cric?

A

Barotrauma due to overinflation

Bad placement
Bleeding
Laceration of jugular vein
Damage to thyroid gland
Damage to vagus nerve
36
Q

What is the procedure for nasal intubation?

A

Oxygenate the patient while tube is lubricated.
Insert tube into largest nostril.
Palpate the larynx while listening for air flow over the tube.
Ventilate the patient and confirm placement.

37
Q

What does Cushings disease result from?

A

Long term corticosteroid use

38
Q

How do you treat hyperventilation syndrome?

A

Coach them to calm down and slow ventilations

39
Q

How do you clear a stoma?

A

Soft tip catheter suction

40
Q

What are the side effects of an inhaler?

A

Tachycardia
Hypertension
Dysrhythmias

41
Q

What kind of problem is muscular dystrophy?

A

Nerve problem

42
Q

What’s the difference between pneumothorax and bronchitis?

A

Pneumothorax will have absent or diminished lung sounds on one side

43
Q

What is FIO2?

A

Fraction of inspired o2 content

44
Q

What causes stridor?

A

Upper airway swelling or partial obstruction

45
Q

How do you treat ARDS?

A

Use anti inflammatory drugs

Or corticosteroids

46
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?

A

High Fever
Pleuritic chest pain
Productive cough

47
Q

With shortness of breath, what would the pulse be like in adults? And children?

A

Tachycardic

For children, tachycardic then bradycardic quickly

48
Q

If you hear fluid in the bases of the lungs, what does that indicate?

A

Probably aspirated pneumonia.

49
Q

What breath sound would you hear if the patient had pulmonary edema?

A

Crackles

50
Q

What are key differences between chronic bronchitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia?

A

Chronic bronchitis - no fever
Bronchitis - inflammation, fever, greenish phlegm
Pneumonia - brown sputum, higher fever

51
Q

What is wheezing? (Physically)

A

Bronchiospasms resulting from collapsing bronchioles

52
Q

How do you measure ETT diameter for appropriate size?

A

It should be the diameter of the patients pinky

53
Q

What is the formula for minute volume?

A

Tidal volume x respiratory rate = minute volume

54
Q

What is the formula for how long an oxygen tank will last?

A

[(tank size - safe residual) x constant] / Lpm

55
Q

What is the primary assessment tool for someone with difficulty breathing?

A

Listening to lung sounds

56
Q

What is one reason the ETT is better than the cobra airway?

A

You can give meds down the ETT.

57
Q

If you have gastric distention in an unresponsive patient, what should you do?

A

Use an ng tube

58
Q

A c7 spinal injury would result in what?

A

The patient will hypoventilate because of not receiving information from the intercostal muscles

59
Q

What causes stridor?

A

Upper airway narrowing

Paramedic Class (12 decks)

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