Pathophysiology + Treatment of Hypertension Flashcards
What does it mean if there is a higher pressure?
Faster baroreceptor signals
What happens if someone has constantly high BP?
Baroreceptors become desensitised
What is afterload?
Arteriole BP
= stress on LV
What is LVH?
LV hypertrophy
= muscle mass of LV increases
What can heart failure be caused by?
Chronic hypertension
= causes strain on the heart
What is myocardial O?
How much O LV needs
What can sustained high BP do?
Damage blood vessels
Describe atherosclerosis
Fatty deposits accumulate in arteries
= triggers inflammatory response
= formation of plaque
= gets bigger + block lumen
= increases likelihood of clot
How does hypertension impact atherosclerosis?
Speeds it up
What is myocardial ischaemia?
Reversible
What is myocardial infarction?
Death of tissue
= irreversible
What is a thrombotic stroke?
Blood clot in cerebral artery
What is a haemorrhage stroke?
Weakened blood vessel wall breaks
What is an aneurysm?
Blood vessel wall balloons out
= if ruptured = catastrophic blood loss
What is the mechanism of action for Ca2+ channel blockers?
Inhibit the influx of Ca2+
= which controls the degree of vasoconstriction
Who are Ca2+ channel blockers mostly used in?
Elderly patients
What does ACE do?
Control H2O + electrolyte balance
Increase angiotensin-2
What does angiotensin-2 do?
Lots of vasoconstriction
= increase BP
What do ACE inhibitors do?
Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme
What can ACE inhibitors cause?
Chronic dry cough
What is an example of an ACE inhibitor?
Lisinopril
What do all ACE inhibitors end in?
OPRIL
What is the mechanism of action for ARB’s?
Selective competitive blockers of angiotensin-2 at AT1 receptor
What is an example of an ARB?
Losartan
What do all ARB’s end in?
ARTAN
Describe the mechanism of action for thiazide-like diuretics
Inhibit Na+ + Cl- reabsorption
What is an example of thiazide-like diuretic?
Indapamide
