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S2 Case 4 - Hypertension Monitoring > Pathophysiology + Treatment of Hypertension > Flashcards

Pathophysiology + Treatment of Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean if there is a higher pressure?

A

Faster baroreceptor signals

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2
Q

What happens if someone has constantly high BP?

A

Baroreceptors become desensitised

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3
Q

What is afterload?

A

Arteriole BP
= stress on LV

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4
Q

What is LVH?

A

LV hypertrophy
= muscle mass of LV increases

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5
Q

What can heart failure be caused by?

A

Chronic hypertension
= causes strain on the heart

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6
Q

What is myocardial O?

A

How much O LV needs

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7
Q

What can sustained high BP do?

A

Damage blood vessels

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8
Q

Describe atherosclerosis

A

Fatty deposits accumulate in arteries
= triggers inflammatory response
= formation of plaque
= gets bigger + block lumen
= increases likelihood of clot

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9
Q

How does hypertension impact atherosclerosis?

A

Speeds it up

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10
Q

What is myocardial ischaemia?

A

Reversible

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11
Q

What is myocardial infarction?

A

Death of tissue
= irreversible

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12
Q

What is a thrombotic stroke?

A

Blood clot in cerebral artery

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13
Q

What is a haemorrhage stroke?

A

Weakened blood vessel wall breaks

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14
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Blood vessel wall balloons out
= if ruptured = catastrophic blood loss

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Ca2+ channel blockers?

A

Inhibit the influx of Ca2+
= which controls the degree of vasoconstriction

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16
Q

Who are Ca2+ channel blockers mostly used in?

A

Elderly patients

17
Q

What does ACE do?

A

Control H2O + electrolyte balance
Increase angiotensin-2

18
Q

What does angiotensin-2 do?

A

Lots of vasoconstriction
= increase BP

19
Q

What do ACE inhibitors do?

A

Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme

20
Q

What can ACE inhibitors cause?

A

Chronic dry cough

21
Q

What is an example of an ACE inhibitor?

A

Lisinopril

22
Q

What do all ACE inhibitors end in?

A

OPRIL

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action for ARB’s?

A

Selective competitive blockers of angiotensin-2 at AT1 receptor

24
Q

What is an example of an ARB?

A

Losartan

25
Q

What do all ARB’s end in?

A

ARTAN

26
Q

Describe the mechanism of action for thiazide-like diuretics

A

Inhibit Na+ + Cl- reabsorption

27
Q

What is an example of thiazide-like diuretic?

A

Indapamide

S2 Case 4 - Hypertension Monitoring (12 decks)

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