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S2 Case 4 - Hypertension Monitoring > Other Metals > Flashcards

Other Metals Flashcards

1
Q

What is diagnostic imaging?

A

Exploiting the tissue penetration of gamma rays derived from nuclear decay

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2
Q

What is targeted therapy?

A

Exploiting the cellular toxicity of non-penetrating alpha and beta particles + secondary e-

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3
Q

What are the different types of particles?

A

Alpha
Beta
Positron
Proton
Neutron
Gamma ray

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4
Q

What is an alpha particle?

A

He nuclei consisting of 2 protons + 2 neutrons

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5
Q

What is a beta particle?

A

High-energy e-

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6
Q

What is a positron?

A

Particles with the same mass as an e- BUT with 1 unit of positive charge

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7
Q

What is a proton?

A

Nuclei of H atoms

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8
Q

What is a neutron?

A

Particles with a mass approx. equally to that of a proton BUT with no charge

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9
Q

What is the difference between alpha and beta particles?

A

Alpha is less energetic = hard to come out the body
Low energy = take much longer to decay

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10
Q

How does a beta particle become an e-?

A

Neutron spontaneously changes to proton = e- expelled out

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11
Q

What is a cyclotron?

A

Particle accelerator
Accelerates charged particles in a spiral path

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12
Q

What does a modern cyclotron do?

A

Accelerate negative ions created in plasma
Excess e- stripped off forming positive particles

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13
Q

What does medical cyclotrons do?

A

Produce proton beams to manufacture radioisotopes

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14
Q

What is PET?

A

Positive emission tomography

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15
Q

What is a SPECT?

A

Single photon emission computed tomography

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16
Q

Describe SPECT

A

Single photon emission + computer tomography mixed together
Uses 99m Tc

17
Q

Describe PET

A

Emission of a proton that annihilates to a pair of identical gamma rays

18
Q

What is zirconium-89 labelled antibodies?

A

New tool for molecular imaging in cancer patients

19
Q

Why would you change the metal radioisotope in your diagnostic agent?

A

To change from a diagnostic positron emitting isotope to a therapeutic beta emitter

20
Q

Describe Lutathera mode of action

A

IV injection
Conc into tumour sites (NET)
Binds to somatostatin receptors
Lutathera is internalised in NET cell
Delivers radiation
Radiation induces DNA strand breaks = cell death

S2 Case 4 - Hypertension Monitoring (12 decks)

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