Pathophysiology I Flashcards
DNA 4 Bases
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. (A-T, G-C)
A nucleotide consists of
phosphate (P) bonded with deoxyribose (sugar) and a base
biological memory chip
gene
gene is stored within
the stable structure of DNA
genes determine the production of specific types of what 2 things which requires help from what?
proteins and enzymes which requires helps from mRNA, tRNA, ribosomal RNA
nucleosome is the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in what?
eukaryotes
nucleosome consists of a segment of DNA wound around 8 what?
histone proteins (thread wrapped around spool)
nucleosome is a fundamental subunit of what?
chromatin
what is chromatin (super coil)
mass of genetic material composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell devision
where is chromatin located
in nucleus of cells
what is primary function of chromatin?
compress DNA into compact unit that’s less voluminous and can fit within nucleus
what are alleles
different train possibilities that the gene can contain that are in the same position on a chromosome
what is determined by alleles which are inherited from parents?
blood type
what is a codon?
genetic code that’s determined by a sequence of 3 consecutive bases
how many codons are in a particular amino acid?
61
how many codons for starting the signal?
1
how many codons for stopping the signal
3 (UAA, UGA, UAG)
what type of codons specific for the same amino acid?
synonym codons
what is transcription?
info in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA)
DNA stores genetic material where?
in the nuclei of cells
mRNA need to knows
freely exit the nucleus
communicates with ribosomes
not an exact copy of DNA
short-term storage
ribosome need to knows
cell structure that makes protein
found floating in cytoplasm or attach to ER
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) need to knows
vital to synthesis, folding, modification, transport of proteins
