Biology Flashcards
The pure, smallest non-separable into simpler substance, particles are
electrons
Which particle is positively charged
Positron
what are the elements that have different # neutrons but same # protons - they can become radioactive
isotopes
When electrons are added, does the atomic weight go up?
No
Correct sequence for air to travel through respiratory system?
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus
What happens in the alveolus?
- Carbon dioxide exits the blood, the oxygen enters the blood
- Exchange of gasses between the blood and air takes place
- Venous blood turns into arterial blood
The respiratory centers are located in what?
brainstem
Functions of respiratory system:
- Exchange of oxygen from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide from the
blood into the air - Protect the body from environmental changes and pathogens
- Produce sound
- Detect olfactory stimuli
The carrier of oxygen in the blood?
Hemoglobin
We have 2 bronchi (right and left) the left and right lobes have how many?
Left lung has 2 lobes
Right lung has 3 lobes
Where does the initial signal for heart contraction originate?
in SA node
The formed elements of the blood:
RBC, WBC, Thrombocytes
*NOT antibodies
Does the blood have 55% plasma, which is the liquid portion of the blood?
Yes
Damage to tissue outside of the vessels is what?
extrinsic
Tissue Thromboplastin is what?
extrinsic
Damage to blood vessels is what?
Intrinsic
Activation of blood clotting factors, such as factor X, prothrombin, fibrinogen is what?
Extrinsic
Normal adult’s percent of water in the body is?
60%
The blood is filtered in which structure?
glomerulus
Where is the location of the temperature control center?
hypothalamus
What microorganisms cause otitis media, community acquired pneumonia,
Abscesses, Syphilis, Urinary tract infections, gastritis, food poisoning?
bacteria
in regard to immune system, Skin, mucous membranes, inflammation, release of histamine from mast cells, WBC attack, fever, first line of defense are what?
non-specific
in regard to immune system, antibodies towards the causative agent is what?
specific
B-cells are active against what?
Viruses
Bacteria
bacterial toxins
Antibodies:
- They recognize the non-self organisms and cells
- They recognize cancer cells
- They generate in response to antigens
- They remember the antigen (memory cells)
Do Alveolar macrophages engulf foreign particles?
Yes
T-cells?
- There are 3 kinds: Helper, suppressor, cytotoxic
- They produce interferons
- They act against body cells that are infected by organisms, fungi, parasites
- They start in the bone marrow, but they mature in the thymus gland
To avoid tissue transplant rejection, doctors use?
Immunosuppressors
Is the mucosa of the upper part of the respiratory system covered with
cilia (hairlike structures), that protect the body from invasions of dust and
other unwanted particles?
Yes
Which part of the neuron is myelinated?
axon
Does the trachea have cartilage?
Yes, it has C-shaped rings of cartilage
receiver of messages
dendrite
analyzing message
body/nucelus
passes message to another neuron, gland, or muscle
axon
produces neurotransmitters
body/nucleus
Releasing hormones that are sent to pituitary gland
hypothalamus
Produces hormones that through the blood reach target organs, such as thyroid or ovaries
pituitary gland
Produces thyroxin and calcitonin
thyroid gland
Produces epinephrine and other cortical hormones
adrenal gland
Produce hormones that regulate metabolism
pancreas
Produces melatonin
pineal gland
