Pathoma - nasopharynx and larynx

Question 1

laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)

Answer 1

• inflammation of upper airway
• parainfluenza virus = most common cuase
• presents with hoarse barking cough and inspire stridor

Question 2

vocal cord nodule

Answer 2

nodulse that arise on vocal cord

due to excessive use = usually bilateral

presents with hoarsness (wear and tear issue ) resolves with rest

Question 3

laryngeal papilloma

Answer 3

begnin papillary tumor of vocal cord

due to HPV 6 and 11 - high yeld

single in adults and multiple in children

presents with hoarsness

Question 4

laryngeal carcinoma

Answer 4

squamous cell carcinoma arising from epithelial lining of vocal cord

risk factors are alcohol and tobacco

presents with hoarsness and cough and stridor

it is possilble for laryngeal papilloma to progress to this (HPV 6 and 11 are low risk HPV) so it doestn happen often

Question 5

rhinitis

Answer 5

inflamation of the nasal mucosa

common cuase = adeno virus

presents with cold like symptoms

Question 6

allergic rhinitis

Answer 6

inflamation of naso muc due to antigen (type 1 reaction)

inflammation with eosinophils

Question 7

nasal polyps

Answer 7

concequence of rhinitis (repeated chronic)

if children have polyps = cystic fibrosis

• asprin intolerant asthma - triad
  
  • asprin induced bronchospasms
  • nasal polyps
  • asthma

Question 8

angio fibroma

Answer 8

begnin tumor of nasal mucosa comprised of large BVs and fibrous tissue

almost always adolescent males

presents with profuse epistaxis (acute hemorage from the nastral)

Question 9

acute epiglottitis

Answer 9

inflamation of the epiglottis

H influenza type B = most common cuase in immunized and non immunized children

presentation = high fever, sore thrat, drooling with dysphagia, muffled voice and inspire stridor

risk of acute airway obstruction = medical emergency