3.3.2 Anatomy Review Flashcards
What is the name for the nerves that innervate the skin and muscle?
Skin - dermatome
Muscle - myotome
What is a rhizotomy?
What is the C5 dermatome located?
Clavicle
Where is the T4 dermatome located?
The nipple
Where is the xiphoid process dermatome located?
T7
Where is the umbilicus dermatome located?
T10
What is the location of the inguinal ligament?
L1
The subclavian artery and vein are separated by?
Anterior scalene muscle attaching to the scalene tubercle
Where is the xiphoid process and what can cause it to become painful?
Where does the 2nd rib attach to the sternum?
Sternal angle
What are some key processes that occur at the sternal angle?
What is premature sternal fusion associated with?
Increased incidents of heart defects
What is a sternal fistula?
Holes in the sternum
Which intercostal muscles are used for expiration and inhalation?
External - inspiration
Internal - expiration
Describe the patterning of the intercostal muscles?
Noting where the are musclar and where there are membranous
What is the relationship of the intercostal vein, arteries, and nerves?
What is coarctation of the aorta?
What is polythelia, polymastia, and where is the “milk line”?
What is the renal anomaly associated with polythelia?
Duplication of ureters
In regards to the diaphragm, what intercostal spaces do the right and left domes reach? Why?
The diaphragm is mainly derived from? What is it innervated by?
Septum transverum
Pleuroperitoneal fold
C 3,4,5
What is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
The inferior vena cava passes through the diaphragm at what intercostal space?
T8
What passes through the diaphragm at T10?
Esophageal hiatus and the vagal trunks
What passes through the diaphragm at T12?
The aortic hiatus
Allow thoracic duct and azygos vein to enter
On this image where is the cephalic vein, lateral and medial pectoral nerves?
Where is the costodiaphragmatic recess, and what is its importance?
What is the most likely cause of a hemothorax?
What are the major grooves and hilum structure of the right lung?
What are the major grooves and hilar structure of the left lung?
Where are inhaled foreign bodies most likely to end up?
Right lower lung
What muscles are used during heavy inspiration?
What muscles are used during heavy expiration?
What are the importances of the sinuses located in the pericardium?
What is cardiac tamponade, and what are the symptoms?
What is the location on the external surface of the different heart sounds?
What are the highlighted structures?
The fossa ovalis is formed from what?
The septum primum
The edges of the fossa ovalis is formed from?
Septum secundum
What are the key characteristics of LVH?
Explain the positioning of the aortic and pulmonic valves, and the names of the individual leaftlets of the valves.
What is the ramus intermedius artery?
This is when the left coronary artery trifurcates
What is the highlighted area?
SA branch
What are the main arteries used in CABG?
What are the main locations for an MI to occur?
What are the highlighted veins?
What is the main way blood is returned from the heart?
Where would you place a pacemaker if attempting to take of SA node function? AV function?
Defects in what lead to an ASD?
Endocardial cushions
What are the highlighted areas?
Valve of the foramen ovale - left
Right - Septum secundum
What is the importance of a PDA?
A person with a PDA is at increased risk of developing a paradoxical emboli
What is aortic valve stenosis?
What is derived from the 3rd aortic arch?
The carotid system
What is derived from the left 4th aortic arch?
The arch of the aorta
What is derived from the 4th right aortic arch?
Subclavian artery
What is derived from the 6th aortic arch?
Pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus
What left laryngeal nerve runs behind what?
The ligamentum arteriosum
What is the second most common aortic arch patterning?
What are the highlighted structures?
What is the highlighted structure?
Greater splanchnic nerve
The greater splanchnic nerve runs from what to what?
T5-T9
What are the highlighted structures?
What is the highlighted image?
Thoracic duct
What is important about the position of the posterior longitudinal ligament? What is the position of the anterior longitudinal ligament?
Where is the ligamentum flavum?
What is spondolysis?
What is spondylolisthesis?
What are the highlighted areas?
What are the different types of spinal cord defects?
