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Pulmonary - Matt > 1.1.3 Thoracic Wall and Lung Cavities > Flashcards

1.1.3 Thoracic Wall and Lung Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the structures.

A
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3
Q

Where is the thorax located?

A

B/t the neck and abdomen

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4
Q

What are the components of the sternum?

A

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

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5
Q

What are the key skeletal elements of the thorax?

A

12 thoracic vertebrae

12 ribs and costal cartilages

1 sternum

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7
Q

What are the three types of ribs? Which ribs belong to each of these classifications?

A

True ribs (1-7): attach directly to sternum

False ribs (8-10 or some say 8-12): costal cartilages do not directly attach to sternum)

Floating ribs (11-12): lack costal cartilage

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8
Q

Which ribs are included in the typical ribs? What are there four common structures?

A

3-9

Head, tubercle, shaft/body, and angle of rib

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9
Q

What are these components of the ribs?

A
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10
Q

What is the most frequent site of rib fractures?

A

Just lateral to the angle of the rib

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11
Q

How many facets does the head of true ribs have?

A

2, a superior and inferior facet

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13
Q

The scalene tubercle in the 1st rib is the site of attachment for which muscle?

A

anterior scalene m.

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14
Q

What is circumscribed in green? What is the dense fibrous band connecting it to?

A

The cervical rib; the dense fibrous band is connecting it to the 1st rib

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15
Q

What is another name for the sternal angle?

A

Angle of Lewis

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16
Q

Where do the ribs 1-7 articulate with the stenurm?

A
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17
Q

If which structure is left intact, will it allow for possible regeneration of the rib?

A

Periosteum

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18
Q

Where are the regions of the mediastinum located?

A
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19
Q

Where is the 13th rib usually located?

A

On C7

about 0.5 to 1% of the population has a cervical rib

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20
Q

What is pectus carinatum?

A

Ridge projecting anteriorly (more rare than excavatum)

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22
Q

What condition is associated with the presence of the cervical rib?

A

Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

(Fun fact: Your fellow classmate THE Miles Sanderson had this syndrome, which led to a blood clot in his shoulder.)

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24
Q

What 4 bodily landmarks occur at the level of the sternal angle (the junction of the manubrium with body of sternum)?

A

Attachment of the 2nd rib

intervertebral level at disc b/t T4 and T5

bifurcation of trachea

azygos veins drains into the SVC

26
Q

What is costochondritis? In what population is it most common?

A

Chest pain due to inflammation of the cartilage and bones in the chest wall.

Overuse injury in athletes

27
Q

What the three layers of the intercostal muscles?

A

External, internal, and innermost

The external runs down and medial on both sides (like putting hands into front pockets), and the internal and innermost run direction 90 degrees to that

28
Q

What commorbidity is often associated with pectus excavatum?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

30
Q

Where does the pectoralis major originate and insert? pectoralis minor? serratus anterior muscle?

A
31
Q

Where are the lateral cutaneous and anterior cutaneous branches given of the intercostal nerves?

A
32
Q

In what patient population is pectus carinatum most likely to develop?

A

11 to 14 y/o pubertal males undergoing a growth spurt

33
Q

What is the name of the joint between the ribs and its corresponding vertabrae?

A

Costovertebral joint, it’s a synovial joint b/t head of rib and body of vertebra at a facet or demifacet

34
Q

The costotranverse joint is a synovial joint b/t what two structures?

A

tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of the vertebra

35
Q

In which ribs is the costotranverse joint fairly curved? fairly flat?

A

Curved: 1-7

Flat: 8-12

36
Q

What type of joints are the sternocostal joints?

A

Cartilaginous

39
Q

What is gynecomastia?

A

Excessive development of the male mammary gland

40
Q

Where do the intercostal nerves run?

A

Between the internal and innermost intercostal muscle (b/t I and I)

41
Q

What is different about the subcostal muscles?

A

They “skip” a rib

Found on the posterior portion of thoracic wall

44
Q

Which vein seperates the pectoralis major and the deltoid?

A

Cephalic vein

45
Q

Describe the typical positioning of artery, vein, and nerve from cranial to caudal under the groove of each rib?

A

VAN

V: vein

A: artery

N: nerve

46
Q

What is shingles?

A

A reactivation of a latent herpes varicella-zoster viral infection

47
Q

What is a dermatome? Where are dermatomes C5, T4, T7, T10, L1

A

An area of the skin which receives innervation from a single spinal nerve.

C5: clavicle

T4: “teat”, nipple

T7: xiphoid process (pointy)

T10: umbilicus (O reminds you of the umbilicus)

L1: inguinal ligament

48
Q

~75% of the breast is drained into which lymph nodes?

A

Axillary lymph nodes

49
Q

What is polythelia? In what population is it most common?

A

Supernumerary nipple(s) which may appear similar to a mole, anywhere along the mammalian lines (milk lines)

Males

50
Q

What is polymastia? When is most liked noticed?

A

Additonal breast along the milk line b/t the axilla and groin.

Rare, most likely noticed at the time of pregnancy due to enlargement and possible production of milk

52
Q

What is contained in the mediastinum?

A

heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, and thymus

53
Q

Which muscle acts as the principal muscle of inspiration?

A

Diaphragm

54
Q

The are two pectoral nerves? Which pectoralis muscles do they innervate?

A

Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerve

Medial pectoral nerve innervates both the major and minor pectoralis

Lateral pectoral nerve only innervates the pectoralis major

55
Q

What is the clinical importance of the costotranverse joint and the costovertebral joint?

A

These can become arthritic and be sources of back pain

56
Q

where are the veins and arts on the first rib

A

subclavian vein = anterior to scalene tubercal

sub clav art = posterior to scalene tubercle

anterior scalene muscle attaches to teh scalene tubercle

57
Q

what is the superior thoracic aperature bound by

A

T1 vertebra, 1st rib, and superior boarder of manubrium

Pulmonary - Matt (47 decks)

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