2.5.2 Introduction to Echocardiography Flashcards
What is ultrasound?
A sound with a frequency higher than the audible range (>20,000cyles/second)
What is echocardiography?
The use of ultrasound for cardiac diagnosis
What are the four stand transducer positions for 2-D echocardiography?
Left parasternal, Apical, Subcostal, Suprasternal notch
What are these structures?
What are these structures in the parasternal short axis view?
Identify the four chambers
Identify the four chambers
Where is the transducer in relation to the image sector?
The apex
In apical four chamber view, what is always true about the left side of the heart?
It is on the right side of the image
What are two important characteristics of the L ventricle in echocardiography?
Smooth-walled septum and mitral valve
What are two important charactertistics of the R ventricle in echocardiography?
Coarse trabeculations and tricuspid valve positioned more apically than mitral
What are some important characteristics of the R atrium in echocardiography?
Eustachian valve, Os of coronary sinus, concavity of fossa ovalis
What does doppler echocardiography state?
The frequency of a sound wave changes (shifts) when it strikes a moving object (like an RBC)
In doppler echocardiography, if the movement is above the baseline in what direction is the movement of the object?
Towards the transducer
In doppler echocardiography, if the movement is below the baseline in what direction is the movement of the object?
Away from the transducer
This doppler echo is showing what?
Left ventricular inflow
This doppler echo is showing what?
Left ventricular outflow
What is this doppler showing?
Aortic stenosis (note the rate of ejection is ~4m/s, whereas normal is ~2m/s)
What is transesophageal echocardiography?
Small, high-frequency transducer modified on endoscope that is swallowed and allows for 180 degree image plane.
