PATHOMA cardinal signs 10/30

Question 1

What are cardinal sigs on inflammation?

Answer 1

1. Redness (rubor) and warmth (calor);
2. Swelling (tumor);
3. Pain (dolor);
4. Fever;
5. dar turetu buti functio laesa

Question 2

1. why occur Redness (rubor) and warmth (calor)?

Answer 2

Due to vasodilation –> results in increased blood flow;

Question 3

1. What is mechanism of 1. Redness (rubor) and warmth (calor)?

Answer 3

Occurs via relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle;

Question 4

What are key mediators for 1. Redness (rubor) and warmth (calor)?

Answer 4

Key mediators - histamine, prostaglandins and bradykinin

Question 5

2. why occur Swelling (tumor)?

Answer 5

due to leakage of fluid from postacapillary venules into the interstitial space (exudate) –> increased interstitial oncotic pressure.

Question 6

2. What are key mediators for Swelling (tumor)?

Answer 6

1. histamine - causes endothelial cell contraction and

2. tissue damage - results in endothelial cell disruption

Question 7

3. what mediates Pain (dolor)?

Answer 7

Bradykinin and PGE2 sensitize sensory nerve endings. Histamine irgi sukelia skausma?

Question 8

4. what are pyrongens and what they do? Fever

Answer 8

Pyrogens are substances that can produce a fever.
Eg. LPS from bacteria cause macrophages to release IL-1 and TNF, which increase COX activity in perivascular cells of the HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 9

4. what raises temperature set point?

Answer 9

Increased PGE2 in hypothalamus