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1 STEP UWorld pathology > 3 chapter (neoplasia) pathoma carcinogens 12/02 > Flashcards

3 chapter (neoplasia) pathoma carcinogens 12/02 Flashcards

1
Q

Nomenclature. Epithelium. 2 Benign examples?

A

Adenoma
Papilloma

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2
Q

Nomenclature. Epithelium. 2 Malignant examples?

A

Adenocarcinoma
Papillary carcinoma

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3
Q

Nomenclature. Mesenchyme (visi minkštieji audiniai). Benign example?

A

Lipoma

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4
Q

Nomenclature. Mesenchyme (visi minkštieji audiniai). Malignant example?

A

Liposarcoma

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5
Q

Nomenclature. Lymphocyte. Benign?

A

not exist

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6
Q

Nomenclature. Lymphocyte. Malignant?

A

Lymphoma/leukemia

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7
Q

Nomenclature. Melanocyte. Bening?

A

Nevus (mole)

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8
Q

Nomenclature. Melanocyte. Malignant?

A

Melanoma

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9
Q

Carcinogens. Aflatoxin –>?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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10
Q

Carcinogens. Hepatocellular carcinoma caused by?

A

Aflatoxin

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11
Q

Carcinogens. Where is found aflatoxin?

A

Derived from Aspergillus, which can contaminate stored rice and grains

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12
Q

Carcinogens. Alkylating agents –>?

A

Leukemia/lymphoma

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13
Q

Carcinogens. Leukemia/lymphoma caused by?

A

Alkylating agents

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14
Q

Carcinogens. Alcohol –>?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx and upper esophagus, and hepatocellular carcinoma

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15
Q

Carcinogens. Squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx and upper esophagus, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Caused by?

A

Alcohol

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16
Q

Carcinogens. Arsenic –>?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin, lung cancer, and angiosarcoma of liver

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17
Q

Carcinogens. Squamous cell carcinoma of skin, lung cancer, and angiosarcoma of liver. Caused by?

A

Arsenic

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18
Q

Carcinogens. Asbestos –>?

A

Lung carcinoma and mesothelioma

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19
Q

Carcinogens. Lung carcinoma and mesothelioma caused by?

A

Asbestos

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20
Q

Carcinogens. Where is found arsenic?

A

Present in cigarette smoke

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21
Q

Carcinogens. Asbestos. Exposure more likely will lead to lung cancer or mesothelioma?

A

Lung cancer

22
Q

Carcinogens. Cigarette smoke –>?

A

Carcinoma of oropharynx, esophagus, lung, kidney bladder and pancreas

23
Q

Carcinogens. Carcinoma of oropharynx, esophagus, lung, kidney bladder and pancreas. Caused by?

A

Cigarette smoke

24
Q

Carcinogens. Most common carcinogen worldwide?

A

Cigarette smoke

25
Q

Carcinogens. What is a particular carcinogen in cigarette smoke?

A

Polycyclic hydrocarbons

26
Q

Carcinogens. Nitrosamines –>

A

Stomach carcinoma

27
Q

Carcinogens. Stomach carcinoma caused by?

A

Nitrosamines

28
Q

Carcinogens. Where are found nitrosamines and in what region?

A

In smoked foods. Responsible for high rate of stomach carcinoma in Japan

29
Q

Carcinogens. Naphthylamine –>

A

Urothelial carcinoma of bladder

30
Q

Carcinogens. Urothelial carcinoma of bladder caused by?

A

Naphthylamine(from cigarete smoke)

31
Q

Carcinogens. Napthylamine is derived by?

A

cigarette smoke

32
Q

Carcinogens. Vinyl chloride –>

A

Angiosarcoma of liver

33
Q

Carcinogens. Angiosarcoma of liver

A

Vinyl chloride

34
Q

Carcinogens. Where is used polyvinyl chloride (PVC)? What exposure?

A

used to make pipes.
Exposure - occupational

35
Q

Carcinogens. Nickel, chromium, beryllium, silica –>

What exposure?

A

Lung carcinoma

Occupational

36
Q

Carcinogens. Lung carcinoma caused by (occupational)?

A

Nickel, chromium, beryllium, silica

37
Q

Carcinogens. EBV –>?

A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and CNS lymphoma in AIDS

38
Q

Carcinogens. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and CNS lymphoma in AIDS. Caused by?

39
Q

Carcinogens. HHV-8 –>?

A

Kaposi sarcoma

40
Q

Carcinogens. Kaposi sarcoma caused by?

41
Q

Carcinogens. HBV and HCV –>?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

42
Q

Carcinogens. Hepatocellular carcinoma caused by virus?

A

HBV and HCV

43
Q

Carcinogens. HTLV-1 –>?

A

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

44
Q

Carcinogens. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma caused by?

45
Q

Carcinogens. High risk HPV (16, 18, 31, 33) –>?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva, vagina, anus, and cervix; adenocarcinoma of cervix

46
Q

Carcinogens. Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva, vagina, anus, and cervix; adenocarcinoma of cervix. Caused by?

A

High risk HPV (16, 18, 31, 33)

47
Q

Carcinogens. Ionizing radiation (nuclear reactor accidents and radiotherapy) –>?

A

AML, CML, and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

48
Q

Carcinogens. AML, CML, and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Caused by?

A

Ionizing (nuclear reactor accidents and radiotherapy)

49
Q

Carcinogens. What generates ionizing radiation?

A

Generates hydroxyl free radicals

50
Q

Carcinogens. Nonionizing radiation (UVB sunlight is most common source) –>

A

basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma of skin

51
Q

Carcinogens. basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma of skin. Caused by?

A

Nonionizing radiation (UVB sunlight is most common source

52
Q

Carcinogens. Nonionizing radication what generates?

A

Results in formation of pyrimidine dimers in DNA, which are normally excised by restriction endonuclease

1 STEP UWorld pathology (10 decks)

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