Pathology Volume 3

Question 1

What type of collagen is associated with Descemet’s membrane?

Answer 1

Type IV collagen

Question 2

What is the most common inheritance pattern of CHED?

Answer 2

Autosomal recessive

Question 3

What is the most common ocular association of sclerocornea?

Answer 3

Cornea planus

Question 4

Of the classic corneal stromal dystrophies, which is autosomal recessive?

Answer 4

Macular dystrophy

Question 5

What causes corneal whorls?

Answer 5

Deposition of lysosomal deposits within the basal layer of the epithelium

Question 6

What chromosome is associated with macular dystrophy?

Answer 6

16q

Question 7

What chromosome is associated with granular. Lattice and Avellino dystrophy?

Answer 7

5q

Question 8

What causes corneal guttae?

Answer 8

Focal thickening of Descemet’s membrane

Question 9

What condition is associated with PITX2 gene?

Answer 9

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome

Question 10

What is Axenfeld anomaly?

Answer 10

Posterior embryotoxon and iris adhesions to the cornea

Question 11

What is Axenfeld syndrome?

Answer 11

Axenfeld anomaly plus glaucoma

Question 12

What is Rieger anomaly?

Answer 12

Axenfeld anomaly plus iris atrophy

Question 13

What is Rieger syndrome?

Answer 13

Rieger anomaly plus dental and skeletal abnormalities

Question 14

What is thought to cause pigment dispersion syndrome?

Answer 14

Rubbing of the iris pigment epithelium by lens zonules

Question 15

Name 3 systemic associations of exfoliation syndrome.

Answer 15

1. Hypertension 2. Stroke 3. Myocardial infarction

Question 16

What does angle recession represent histologically?

Answer 16

Tear in the ciliary body between the longitudinal and circular muscles

Question 17

Name 3 ocular complications of nanopthalmos.

Answer 17

1. Hyperopia 2. Glaucoma 3.Uveal effusion syndrome

Question 18

Name the 3 layers of the sclera.

Answer 18

1. Episcleral 2. Stroma 3. Lamina fusca

Question 19

What condition is associated with proliferation of spindle calls in a storiform pattern?

Answer 19

Fibrous histiocytoma

Question 20

How is the sclera altered in nanopthalmos?

Answer 20

Sclera is abnormally thick in nanopthalmos

Question 21

What is the most common location of senile calcific plaques?

Answer 21

Anterior to the lateral and medial rectus muscles

Question 22

What structures represent the tertiary vitreous?

Answer 22

Zonular fibers

Question 23

What does Bergmeister papilla represent?

Answer 23

Remnant of the posterior portion of the hyaloid artery

Question 24

What is the most common location of Mittendorf dot?

Answer 24

Inferonasal posterior capsule

Question 25

What disorder is associated with “candlewax drippings” of the retinal vasculature?

Answer 25

Sarcoidosis

Question 26

In what layer of the retina do cystic spaces occur in typical peripheral cystoid degeneration?

Answer 26

Outer plexiform layer

Question 27

In what layer of the retina do cystic spaces occur in reticular peripheral cystoid degeneration?

Answer 27

Nerve fiber layer

Question 28

What protein is associated with amyloid deposits of the vitreous?

Answer 28

Transthyretin

Question 29

What condition is associated with amyloid deposits of the vitreous?

Answer 29

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy

Question 30

What is the most common location of degenerative retinoschisis?

Answer 30

Inferotemporal

Question 31

Where does reticular peripheral cystoid degeneration occur?

Answer 31

Posterior to areas of typical peripheral cystoid degeneration

Question 32

What is the most common type of degenerative retinoschisis?

Answer 32

Reticular degenerative retinoschisis

Question 33

What causes the clinical appearance of cobblestone degeneration?

Answer 33

Adherence of the inner nuclear layer to Bruch’s membrane

Question 34

What do cytoid bodies represent?

Answer 34

Swollen NFL axons