Glaucoma Vol. 3

Question 1

What is the average lOP of the standard population?

Answer 1

15.5 mmHg (2.6 mmHg standard deviation)

Question 2

How is corneal curvature related to lOP measurement?

Answer 2

Increased corneal steepness is related to higher lOP readings

Question 3

What retinal vascular condition is associated with increased lOP and glaucoma?

Answer 3

Central retinal vain occlusion (CRVO)

Question 4

What age is most commonly associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome?

Answer 4

Age > 70

Question 5

What is an important caveat in the treatment of lOP in patient with history of CRVO?

Answer 5

lOP in fellow eye must be kept as low as possible as well

Question 6

What configuration of the iris is associated with pigment dispersion syndrome?

Answer 6

Posterior bowing of the iris (causing “reverse pupillary block)

Question 7

How do visual field defects in normal-tension glaucoma tend to differ from those in POAG?

Answer 7

Visual field defects tend to be more focal, deeper, and closer to fixation

Question 8

What condition is associated with wide fluctuation in lOP, especially after exercise or pupillary dilation?

Answer 8

Pigment dispersion syndrome

Question 9

What condition is associated with elderly patient with history of mature cataracts who presents with pain, conjunctival hyperemia, and worsening vision.

Answer 9

Phacolytic glaucoma

Question 10

What causes a Krukenberg spindle?

Answer 10

Aqueous convection currents and subsequent phagocytosis of pigment by corneal endothelium

Question 11

What condition can Posner-Schlossman syndrome often be confused with?

Answer 11

Angle-closure glaucoma

Question 12

Name 3 characteristics of the most common type of patient with pigment dispersion syndrome.

Answer 12

1. White male 2. Myopia 3. Age 20 to 50

Question 13

What condition is associated with increased risk of complications of hyphema due to increased lOP?

Answer 13

Sickle cell anemia

Question 14

How is posterior bowing of the iris thought to cause increased lOP?

Answer 14

By increased contact of zonular fibers with the posterior iris surface, causing increased pigment release

Question 15

What condition is associated with patient with increased IOP and small, khaki colored cells in the anterior chamber following a vitreous hemorrhage?

Answer 15

Ghost cell glaucoma

Question 16

How long does it typically take for ghost cells to develop following vitreous hemorrhage?

Answer 16

1 to 3 months

Question 17

What causes phacoantigenic glaucoma?

Answer 17

Sensitization of patient’s own lens protein following surgery or trauma, resulting in granulomatous inflammation

Question 18

What is the most common cause of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome?

Answer 18

Malposition or rotated anterior chamber IOL (can also be caused by posterior IOL)

Question 19

What condition is associated with chronic inflammation, iris neovascularization, and recurrent hyphema?

Answer 19

UGH syndrome

Question 20

What is the most common cause of glaucoma in primary metastatic tumors or the ciliary body?

Answer 20

Direct invasion of the anterior chamber angle

Question 21

What is glaucomatocyclitic crisis? (Posner-Schlossmann syndrome)

Answer 21

Recurrent bouts of markedly elevated lOP and low-grade inflammation

Question 22

What is the typical gonioscopic finding or Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis?

Answer 22

Multiple fine vessels that cross the trabecular meshwork

Question 23

What type of cells block the trabecular meshwork in hemolytic glaucoma?

Answer 23

Hemoglobin-laden macrophages

Question 24

What type of cells block the trabecular meshwork in ghost cell glaucoma?

Answer 24

Degenerated RBCs

Question 25

What causes angle recession?

Answer 25

Tear in the ciliary body (usually between the longitudinal and circular muscle fibers)

Question 26

What type of glaucoma is associated with history of previous trauma?

Answer 26

Angle-recession glaucoma

Question 27

What is Schwartz-Matsuo syndrome?

Answer 27

Elevated lOP following rhematogenous retinal detachment

Question 28

What causes elevated lOP in Schwartz-Matzo syndrome?

Answer 28

Photoreceptor outer segments that reach the anterior chamber and block the trabecular meshwork