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MRCS PART A > Pathology/Physiology > Flashcards

Pathology/Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Common sites of coagulative necrosis

A

Kidney
Heart
Adrenals
Liver

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2
Q

Caseating necrosis occurs in?

A

TB

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3
Q

IL-1

A

Activates T cell, B cells

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4
Q

IL-3

A

Secreted by T cell

Stimulates proliferation of haematopoietic progenitor cells

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5
Q

IL-4

A

Enhances synthesis of IgE

Helper T cell proliferation

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6
Q

IL-5

A

Activation of eosinophils

Enhances synthesis of IgA

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7
Q

IL-6

A

Secreted by muscles + T cells + macrophages
Most important cytokine involved in coagulation activation + TNF
Mucous secretion
Pro-inflammatory

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8
Q

IL-10

A

Anti-inflammatory

CSIF

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9
Q

Pro-inflammatory cytokines

A

IL2
IL3
IL6
TNF

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10
Q

Primary pathology for AAA

A

loss of elastic fibres from media

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11
Q

Type 1 HS reaction

A

anaphylactic (IgE mediated)

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12
Q

Type 2 HS reaction

A

cytotoxic (IgG mediated)

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13
Q

Type 3 HS reaction

A

immune complex (IgG mediated)

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14
Q

Type 4 HS reaction

A

delayed type (T cell mediated)

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15
Q

DIC consumes which clotting factors

A

V + VIII + platelets

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16
Q

Anti-cardiolipin antibody

A

APL

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17
Q

Most common lung cancer in non smokers

A

adenocarcinoma

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18
Q

HPV associated with (5)

A 
cervical CA
anal CA
penile CA
vulval CA
oropharyngeal CA
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19
Q

Organisms causing post splenectomy sepsis

A

Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Meningococci

20
Q

CA 125

A

ovarian cancer

21
Q

CA 19-9

A

pancreatic cancer

22
Q

CA 15-3

A

breast cancer

23
Q

AFP

A

HCC, teratoma

24
Q

CEA

A

CRC

25
Q

Dercums disease

A

multiple lipomas

26
Q

Diaphragm disease caused by

A

NSAIDs

27
Q

HLA importance

A

DR > B > A

28
Q

a-1 + a-2 stimulation causes

A

vasoconstriction

29
Q

b-1 stimulation causes

A

increased cardiac contractility/HR

30
Q

b-2 stimulation causes

A

vasodilation

31
Q

d-1 stimulation causes

A

renal and splenic vasodilation

32
Q

d-2 stimulation causes

A

inhibition of noradrenaline release

33
Q

Intrinsic pathway blood test

A

APTT

34
Q

extrinsic pathway blood test

A

PT

35
Q

Intrinsic pathway factors

A

8,9,11,12

36
Q

Extrinsic pathway factors

A

7

37
Q

Common pathway factors

A

2,5,10

38
Q

DIC affects which clotting factors

A

1,2,5,8,11

39
Q

Cells responsible for release of gastric acid

A

parietal cells

40
Q

Dietary iron absorbed where

A

duodenum

41
Q

normal intragastric pH

A

2

42
Q

JVP a wave

A

atrial contraction

43
Q

JVP c wave

A

closure of tricuspid valve

44
Q

JVP v wave

A

passive filling of atrium

45
Q

JVP x descent

A

ventricular systole

46
Q

JVP y descent

A

opening of tricuspid valve

MRCS PART A (18 decks)

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