Endocrine Flashcards
Thyroid peroxidase antibodies condition
Hashimoto’s/Graves
TSH receptor antibodies condition
Graves
Calcitonin seen in which condition
Medullary thyroid CA
Causes of hyperthyroidism
Graves (diffuse toxic goitre)
toxic multi nodular goitre
toxic nodule
Thyroid CA associated with Graves disease
Papillary CA
Causes of primary hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism
Iodine deficiency
Causes of secondary hypothyroidism
pituitary damage e.g.
tumour
radiation
surgery
Causes of tertiary hypothyroidism
due to hypothalamic-pituitary axis
Effect of PTH on bone
Binds to osteoblasts – signal to osteoclasts – cause resorption of bones – release calcium
Effect of PTH on kidney
Active reabsorption of Ca and Mg from DCT
Decreases reabsorption of phosphate
Effect of PTH on intestine
raises intestinal Ca absorption by increasing activated vit D
Causes of primary hyperparathyroidism
adenoma
hyperplasia
multiple adenoma
Causes of hypercalcaemia
CHIMPANZEES Ca supplementation Hyperparathyroidism Iatrogenic e.g. thiazides Milk alkali syndrome Pagets disease of bone Acromegaly and Addison's disease Neoplasia Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (MEN type I) Excessive vit D Excessive vit A Sarcoidosis
Anterior pituitary hormones
GH TSH ACTH PRL LH + FSH MnRH
Posterior pituitary hormones
oxytocin
ADH
