General Principles of Surgery

Question 1

ASA I

Answer 1

normal healthy

Question 2

ASA II

Answer 2

mild systemic disease

Question 3

ASA III

Answer 3

severe systemic disease that limits activities but not incapacitating

Question 4

ASA IV

Answer 4

incapacitating disease that is a constant threat to life

Question 5

ASA V

Answer 5

moribund, not expected to survive with or without an operation in next 24h

Question 6

Special prep for thyroid surgery

Answer 6

vocal cord check

Question 7

Special prep for parathyroid surgery

Answer 7

methylene blue to identify gland

Question 8

Special prep for sentinel node biopsy

Answer 8

radioactive marker/patent blue dye

Question 9

Special prep for surgery involving thoracic duct

Answer 9

cream

Question 10

Special prep for pheochromocytoma surgery

Answer 10

alpha and beta blockers

Question 11

Special prep for carcinoid tumour surgery

Answer 11

octreotide cover

Question 12

Special prep for colorectal surgery

Answer 12

bowel prep

Question 13

How much Na in plasma

Answer 13

137-147

Question 14

How much Na in 0.9% saline

Answer 14

153

Question 15

How much Na in Hartmanns

Answer 15

130

Question 16

How much K in Hartmanns

Answer 16

4

Question 17

How much Na in plasma

Answer 17

4-5.5

Question 18

How much Cl in 0.9% NaCl

Answer 18

153

Question 19

How much Cl in Hartmanns

Answer 19

110

Question 20

How much Cl in plasma

Answer 20

95-105

Question 21

What can 0.9% NaCl overadministration cause?

Answer 21

Hyperchloraemic acidosis

Question 22

Adult Na maintenance requirements

Answer 22

50-100 mmol/day

Question 23

Adult K maintenance requirements

Answer 23

40-80 mmol/day

Question 24

Laparoscopic intrabdominal pressure

Answer 24

12-15mmHg

Question 25

p value represents

Answer 25

risk of type 1 error | rejects true null hypothesis

Question 26

Absolute risk reduction reciprocal

Answer 26

Number needed to treat

Question 27

Level I

Answer 27

Evidence from meta-analysis of RCTs

Question 28

Level II

Answer 28

Evidence from at least one well designed controlled trial which is not randomised

Question 29

Level III

Answer 29

Evidence from correlation and comparative studies or use of historical controls

Question 30

Level IV

Answer 30

Evidence from case series

Question 31

Level V

Answer 31

Expert opinion

Question 32

What % lies between 2 SD of mean in a normal distribution

Answer 32

95.4

Question 33

What % lies between 3 SD of mean in a normal distribution

Answer 33

99.7

Question 34

What % lies between 1 SD of mean in a normal distribution

Answer 34

68.3

Question 35

PPV equation

Answer 35

ppv = tp/(tp+fp)