Pathology of the Heart V

Question 1

trypanosomes

Answer 1

in chagas disease

intracellular accumulations in myocardial cells

Question 2

lower ejection fraction

Answer 2

in dilate cardiomyopathy

alcohol, pregnancy, myocarditis

Question 3

impaired compliance - diastolic dysfunction

Answer 3

in hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 4

proteins in dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 4

anchoring proteins - cytoskeletal proteins

desmin, ystrophin, elta sarcoglycan

Question 5

proteins in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 5

myosin binding protein C
myosin light chains

sarcomere proteins

Question 6

proteins and dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 6

beta-myosin heavy chain

-chromosome 14**

Question 7

dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 7

myocarditis - coxsacike B
alcohol - acetaldehyde toxic
peripartum - late in pregnancy
-iron overload
-genetic mutation in titin (TTN) auto dominant

leads to CHF***

common indication for cardiac transplant

all chambers dilate

Question 8

arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Answer 8

right V dysplasia - replace by fat collagen

young person, heart problems, right V all fatty
-get arrhythmias

mutations in plakoglobin and desmoplakin

Question 9

plakoglobin and desmoplakin

Answer 9

mutated in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

most have auto dominant mutation

Question 10

naxos syndrome

Answer 10

arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
AND palmoplantar keratoderma, wooly hair

recessive plakoglobin mutation

Question 11

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 11

ALL GENETIC
myocardial hypertrophy
-abnormal diastolic filling
-exertional dyspnea
-atrial fib maybe
-can get dilated atrium

physical activity of young person - drops dead

beta myosin heavy chain mutation - Chromsome 14

sudden death

boxcar nuclei

Question 12

restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 12

decreased ventricle compliance
-biatrial enlargement

often with:

• amyloidosis
• endomyocardial fibrosis
• loeffler endomyocarditis - eisinophil infiltrate
• endocardial fibroelastosis

Question 13

transthyretin

Answer 13

mutation in amyloidisis

-can lead to restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 14

amyloidosis

Answer 14

congo red stain - apple-green befringement

Question 15

myxoma

Answer 15

mucoid tumor of cardiac tissue

-attach to fossa ovalis in left atria

Question 16

number one primary heart tumor in children

Answer 16

rhabdomyoma

tuberous sclerosis
spider cells

Question 17

carney complex

Answer 17

myxomas, pigmented skin lesions, and overactive endocrine organs

Question 18

pericardial effusions

Answer 18

serous - CHF, hypoalbuminemia
seroanguinous - malignancy, trauma, rupture MI, aortic dissection
sanguinous - hemopericardium
purulent - infection
chylous - lymph blockage
malignant

can result in cardiac tamponade

Question 19

number one case of pericarditis

Answer 19

renal failure - serous fluid - fibrinous

Question 20

dressler syndrome

Answer 20

post MI

can be cause of serous pericarditis

Question 21

TB

Answer 21

associated with hemorrhagic pericarditis

-as well as caseous

Question 22

rheumatic fever

Answer 22

associated with serous pericarditis

Question 23

allograft arteriopathy

Answer 23

concentric intimal thickening with stenosis