Blood Vessels V

Question 1

varicose veins

Answer 1

dilated, tortuous

• incompetent valves - increased pressure
• congestion, edema, pain

more in females

long periods of standing (orthostatic edema) contribute

> 50yo obese women
-increased with pregnancy

Question 2

raynaud phenomenon

Answer 2

commonly in young women

Question 3

superficial leg veins

Answer 3

varicose veins

-can lead to varicose ulcers

Question 4

esophageal varices

Answer 4

portal vein HTN

Question 5

hemorrhoids

Answer 5

with pregnancy or chronic constipation

Question 6

phlebosclerosis

Answer 6

elastic tissue degeneration and spotty calcifications within media

Question 7

caput medusa

Answer 7

dilated abdominal veins

Question 8

thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis

Answer 8

venous thrombosis and inflammation

Question 9

majority of thrombosis

Answer 9

deep leg veins

-also in periprostatic plexus and ovarian/pelvic veins in women

Question 10

trousseau sign

Answer 10

migratory thrombophlebitis
-malignancy associated hypercoagulable state due to procoag elaboration

sporadic thrombosis at various sites

Question 11

homan sign

Answer 11

pain with squeezing calf or force dorsiflexion of foot

-indicate thrombophlebitis or phlebothrombosis

Question 12

plegmasia alba dolens

Answer 12

painful white leg

-iliofemoral venous thrombosis in pregnant women

Question 13

superior vena caval syndrome

Answer 13

usually neoplasm compressing SVC

-dusky cyanosis and marked dilation of head, neck, arm veins

Question 14

inferior vena caval syndrome

Answer 14

extrinsic IVC compression

• also with certain neoplasm - hepatocellular and renal cell carcinomas
• leg edema, distention of lower abdominal superficial collateral veins
• massive proteinuria - if renal vein involvement

Question 15

lymphangitis

Answer 15

infection to lymphatics - red streaks

group A beta hemolytic strep***

Question 16

acute lymphadenitis

Answer 16

red streaks with painful enlarged lymph nodes

Question 17

lymphedema

Answer 17

lymph obstruction and dilation

-associated increases in interstitial fluids

Question 18

milroy disease

Answer 18

primary lymphatic agenesis - primary cause of lymphedema

Question 19

secondary lymphedema

Answer 19

obstructive - malignancy, removal of nodes, postirridiation fibrosis, filariasis, postinflammatory thrombosis and scarring

Question 20

peau d’orange

Answer 20

chronic edema - thick skin

Question 21

lymphedema praecox

Answer 21

age 10-25 yo

• usually female
• unknown cause
• edema in feet
• accumulate throughout life
• may swell to many times its normal size

Question 22

rupture of dilated lymphatics

Answer 22

chylous ascites
chylothorax
chylopericardium

Question 23

bacillary angiomatosis

Answer 23

not neoplastic

Question 24

benign vascular neoplasms

Answer 24

well-formed vascular channels lined by EC

Question 25

hemangiomas

Answer 25

very common - 7% of all benign pediactric tumors - rare malignancy - common in skin and liver

Question 26

angiomatosis

Answer 26

hemangioma of large segment of body

Question 27

red-bluish lesion on skin in child

Answer 27

hemangioma

Question 28

capillary hemangioma

Answer 28

most common vascular tumor - skin or mucous membranes - unencapsulated, closely packed aggregate of cap-sized thin walled vessels

Question 29

juvenile hemangioma

Answer 29

strawberry type - cap hemangioma in skin of newborns - grows rapidly - first few months - regresses age 7

Question 30

hemosiderin

Answer 30

causes brown coloration | -due to RBC breakdown

Question 31

cavernous hemangioma

Answer 31

larger, less circumscribed - and involves deeper structures - local destruction - no tendency to regress - intravascular thrombosis with associated dystrophic calcification in brain - dangerous

Question 32

VHL

Answer 32

get hemangioblastoma*** | -maybe get cavernous hemangioma as well

Question 33

hemangioblastoma

Answer 33

VHL** angiomatous lesions of cerebellum, brainstem, or eye - cystic neoplasms in pancreas/liver - other visceral neoplasms as well

Question 34

pyogenic granuloma

Answer 34

``` follow trauma*** lobular capillary hemangioma -rapid growing red module -skin, gingiva, oral mucosa -1/3 develop after trauma -ulcerated surface ```

Question 35

granuloma gravidum

Answer 35

pregnancy tumor - pyogenic granuloma that occurs in gingiva of pregnant women - regress after delivery

Question 36

ulcerated

Answer 36

pyogenic granuloma

Question 37

not ulcerated

Answer 37

hemangioma

Question 38

simple (capillary) lymphangioma

Answer 38

1-2cm exudate filled blisters of small lymph channels | -head, neck, axillary subQ tissue

Question 39

cavernous lymphangioma

Answer 39

cystic hygroma** - up to 15cm - neck or axilla of children - gross deformities - often in turner syndrome

Question 40

turner syndrome

Answer 40

with cavernous lymphangioma | -cystic hygroma

Question 41

lymphangioma vs. hemangioma

Answer 41

lymph - not red - no RBCs -but does have white cells hemangioma - has RBCs

Question 42

glomus tumor

Answer 42

glomangioma - benign painful tumor of modified smooth m cells from glomus body -AV structure in thermoregulation - beneath nail beds**

Question 43

painful lesion under nail

Answer 43

glomus tumor benign

Question 44

ectasia

Answer 44

NOT neoplasm localied dilation of pre-existing vessels

Question 45

nevus flammeus

Answer 45

classic birthmark | -dermal vessel dilation

Question 46

port wine stains

Answer 46

variation of nevus flammeus - persist and grow with child - thickening of involved skin -with mental retardation, seizures, skull opacities - sturge-weber syndrome

Question 47

sturge weber syndrome

Answer 47

encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis - congenital disorder - ipsilateral port-wine nevi - trigeminal nerve distribution - half of face - mental retardation, seizures, hemiplegia, radiopacities in skull

Question 48

birthmark

Answer 48

nevus flammeus

Question 49

telangiectasia

Answer 49

congeintal anomaly - acquired permanent exaggeration of preformed vessels - caps, venules, arterioles

Question 50

half face colored

Answer 50

port wine stain - worry about sturge weber syndrome - bc have skull lesions - can bleed