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CV II Exam 2 > Blood Vessels I > Flashcards

Blood Vessels I Flashcards

1
Q

vasculature organization

A

intima > internal elastic lamina > media > external elastic lamina > adventitia

also - vaso vasorum

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2
Q

intima

A

single layer endothelial cells

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3
Q

media

A

smooth muscle cells

-not very developed in veins

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4
Q

adventitia

A

CT with nerve fibers and vaso vasorum

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5
Q

three types of arteries

A

1 - large elastic
2 - medium muscular
3 - small arterioles

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6
Q

ectatic

A

arteries in older individuals are more tortuous and dilated

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7
Q

regional blood flow regulation

A

muscular arteries and arterioles

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8
Q

principal point of physio resistance to blood flow

A

arterioles

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9
Q

small arteries

A

<2mm

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10
Q

vaso vasorum

A

feed medium and large arteries

outer 1/2 to 2/3 of media

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11
Q

resistance vs. radius

A

fourth power relationship

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12
Q

veins

A

thin
large diameter
valves in extremities
large lumen

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13
Q

postcapillary venules

A

site of leukocyte exudation and vascular leakage

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14
Q

malignancy invasion

A

easier to invade lymphatics and veins

thin walled

arterial invasion not common

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15
Q

2/3 of blood volume

A

in veins

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16
Q

lymphatic structure

A

endothelial cells with no media

vavles in large vessels

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17
Q

pericytes

A

supportive cells

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18
Q

metastasis to lymphatics

A

not necessarily to vasculature - may get trapped in nodes

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19
Q

capillaries vs. lymphatics

A

both thin walled
-difference histologically - look for RBC presence

caps RBCs
lymph WBCs

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20
Q

weibel palade bodies

A

in endothelial cells

contain vWF

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21
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

holes

-intestinal villi, endo glands, kidney glomeruli

22
Q

continous capillaries

A

fat, muscle, nervous system

23
Q

discontinuous capillaries

A

liver, bone marrow, spleen

aka sinusoidal

24
Q

anticoag from endo cells

A

prostacyclin
thrombomodulin
heparin-like mlcs
plasminogen activator

25
Q

procoag from endo cells

A

vWF
tissue factor
plasminogen activator inhibitor

26
Q

ECM production from end cells

A

collagen

proteoglycans

27
Q

vasoconstrictors from endo cells

A

endlthelin

ACE

28
Q

vasodilators from endo cells

A

NO

prostacyclin

29
Q

oxidation of LDL

A

by endo cells

-important - cholesterol that needs stored somewhere

30
Q

angiogenesis

A

neovascularization - new vessel formation in mature organism

31
Q

vasculogenesis

A

vessel formation during embryogenesis

32
Q

atreriogenesis

A

remodeling of existing arteries

33
Q

endothelial activation

A

normal situation

GFs
vasoactive mediators
adhesion mlcs
anti-coagulants**

34
Q

endothelial dysfunction

A

abnormal situations - HTN or turbulent flow

GFs
chemokines/cytokines
pro-coagulants**
adhesion mlcs
vasoactive mediators
35
Q

endothelin

A

vasoconstrictor

36
Q

regulation of vascular smooth muscle

A

promoters
inhibitors
RAAS
catecholamines

37
Q

response to vascular injury

A

intimal thickening**

smooth m cell growth and matrix synthesis

-cells from:
circulating precursors, adjacent uninjured endothelial, or medial smooth m. cells (non-contractile)

38
Q

berry aneurysms

A

congenital - developmental

  • born with
  • Gomez believes - defect in vessel wall allowing it to be weak - so gets blown out with high P

commonly circle of willis

39
Q

headaches or sudden death

A

berry aneurysm

40
Q

AV fistula

A

can be congenital or acquired

-abnormal artery > vein shunting

lots of stress on heart > CHF

chronic renal failure - fistula put in for dialysis

41
Q

fibromuscular dysplasia

A

focal irregular or intimal hyperplasia

  • thickening of walls of medium/large arteries
  • common in young women

renal artery stenosis - renal hypotension

42
Q

rupture in brain

A

berry aneurysm and AV fistulas

43
Q

HTN

A

systolic > 140
diastolic > 90

over 60 yo - > 150/90

44
Q

general population with HTN

A

29%

45
Q

more important in determining cardiovascular risk

A

systolic blood pressure

46
Q

HTN risk for what?

A 
CAD
CVAs
hypertensive heart disease
aortic dissection***
renal failure
47
Q

pre-hypertension

A

initiate lifestyle changes

48
Q

majority of aortic dissection

A

with HTN

also with marfan - but this is a smaller number of patients (rare disease)

49
Q

blood pressure factors

A

CO and peripheral resistance

50
Q

factors determining BP

A

age, gender, BMI, sodium intake

also genetic variation of RAAS

51
Q

initiation of essential HTN

A

increased sodium retention

52
Q

ANP

A

vasodilation
excrete Na and H2O

response to volume overload

CV II Exam 2 (18 decks)

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