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CV II Exam 2 > Lipid Biochemistry I > Flashcards

Lipid Biochemistry I Flashcards

1
Q

triglyceride and cholesterol transport in blood

A

as lipoproteins

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2
Q

lipoproteins - least to most dense

A 
chylomicrons
VLDL
IDL
LDL
HDL
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3
Q

chylomicrons

A

transport dietary triglyceride and cholesterol
apo B-48
apo C-II
apo E

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4
Q

VLDL

A

transport triglyceride from liver to tissues

apo B100
apo C-II
apo E

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5
Q

IDL

A

VLDL remnant

apo E
apo B100

picks up cholesterol from HDL to become LDL

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6
Q

LDL

A

delivers cholesterol into cell

apo B100

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7
Q

LDL receptor

A

binds to apo B100

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8
Q

HDL

A

picks up cholesterol in blood vessels
-delivers to liver

also shuttles apo C-II and apo E

activates LCAT - produce cholesterol esters

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9
Q

apo B48

A

on chylomicrons

-required for release from epithelial cells into lymphatics

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10
Q

apo B100

A

on VLDL

-mediates release into blood from liver

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11
Q

chylomicrons and VLDL

A

transfer triglycerides to adipose and muscle tissue

chylomicron - from diet
VLDL - from liver

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12
Q

lipoprotein lipase

A

required for metabolism of chylomicrons and VLDL

-activated by apo CII

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13
Q

chylomicron course

A

from dietary triglycerides

  • apo B48 for release from epithelial cells to lymphatics
  • leave lymph - enter blood - pick up apo CII and apo E from HDL
  • in adipose and muscle tissue - apo CII activates lipoprotein lipase - release triglycerides
  • remnant picked up by liver via apo E
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14
Q

VLDL course

A

synthesized in liver

  • apo B100 to release to blood
  • acquire apo CII and apoE from HDL
  • metabolized by lipoprotein lipase

remnants - IDL

  • some picked up by liver (apoE)
  • rest remain in blood - further metabolism
  • acquire cholesterol esters - become LDL
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15
Q

LDL

A

primarily cholesterol ester

  • role - deliver cholesterol to tissues for biosynthesis
  • ex/ steroids, bile acids and salts

80% picked up by liver

only have apo B100
-mediates endocytosis

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16
Q

SR-B1 receptor

A

transfer of cholesterol from HDL to liver

17
Q

ACAT

A

enzyme for storage of cholesterol esters

18
Q

HMG-CoA reductase

A

de novo synthesis of acetyl CoA

19
Q

LDL receptor

A

for apoB100

20
Q

HDL

A

synthesized in liver and intestines

  • dense protein rich particles in blood
  • apo A1 for cholesterol recovery from fatty streaks in blood vessels

carry apoE and apoCII
-donated to chylomicrons and VLDL

21
Q

LCAT

A

lechitin cholesterol acyltransferase

  • activated by apo A1 on HDL
  • adds fatty acid to cholesterol - producing cholesterol esters
  • dissolve in core of HDL
  • allow transport of cholesterol from periphery to liver
22
Q

CETP

A

cholesterol ester transfer protein

-facilitates transfer of cholesterol esters picked up in periphery to IDL - resulting in LDL

23
Q

SR-B1

A

scavenger receptor
-HDL cholesterol picked up in periphery can also enter cells

-in hepatocytes, steriodogenic tissues

not endocytosis of HDL - but transfer of cholesterol into cell
-unknown mechanism

24
Q

type I hypertriglyceridemia

A

mutated lipoprotein lipase
-excess triglyceride in blood and deposition in tissues

orange-red eruptive xanthomas - mucous membranes and skin

abdominal pain, acute pancreatitis

milk turbididty of serum plasma

elevated chylomicrons in blood

25
Q

type IIa hypercholesterolemia

A

deficient LDL receptor
-dominant genetic disease

elevated LDL cholesterol
-increased atherosclerosis risk and CAD

  • xanthomas of achilles
  • subQ tuberous xanthomas over elbows
  • xanthelasma - lipid in eyelid
  • corneal arcus
26
Q

abetalipoproteinemia

A

a hypolipidemia
-low apoB100 and apoB48

  • serum triglycerides low
  • cholesterol low

fat accumulation in intestinal enterocytes and in hepatocytes

essential FAs and vit A and E are not well absorbed

steatorrhea, cerebellar ataxia, pigment retina degeneration, acanthocytes, loss of night vision

27
Q

cholesterol metabolism

A

required for membrane, steroid, and bile acid synthesis

most cell sget from LDL or HDL

some synthesized de novo
-most in liver - from acetyl CoA

28
Q

cholesterol synthesis pathway

A 
acetyl CoA 
> acetoacetyl CoA
> HMG CoA
> mevalonate
> farnesyl PP
> squalene
> lanosterol
> cholesterol
> steroids, vit D, bile acids
29
Q

HMG CoA reductase

A

inhibited by statins
stimulated by insulin

converstion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate - step in synthesis of cholesterol

30
Q

farnesyl pyrophosphate

A

intermediate in cholesterol pathway

  • can be used in synthesis of CoQ for ETC
  • snythesis of dolichol pyrophosphate - N-linked glycosylation of proteins in ER

CV II Exam 2 (18 decks)

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