Pathology of Salivary Gland Tumours Flashcards
name four examples of why salivary glands may change in size
secretion retention - mucocele
chronic sialadenitis
sjogren’s syndrome
salivary neoplasms
how do salivary gland neoplasias present to patients
painless
slow growing
well defined
name three possible aetiologies of salivary gland tumours
radiation
viruses
racial susceptibilities
name the two categories of epithelial neoplasms
benign - adenoma
malignant - adenocarcinoma
name two categories of non-epithelial neoplasms
lymphoma
sarcoma
name three clinical features of tumours in major salivary glands
asymmetry (lump)
obstruction
pain, facial palsy
name the different techniques for taking a biopsy of a swelling
fine needle aspirate (only small amount of tissue collected)
core biopsy (larger amount of tissue recorded)
incisional biopsy (may require more than one depending on the tumour)
name four problems when diagnosing salivary gland tumours
number of tumour type
common features between types
not all tumours fit the classification
immunohistochemistry may be required to differentiate
what does NOS stand for
not otherwise specified - we just do not know what type of tumour it is
what is the most common salivary gland tumour
pleomorphic adenoma
describe a pleomorphic adenoma
slow growth
varied histology
capsule variable
where is pleomorphic adenomas most common
parotid
what is a common feature of most benign tumours
they are encapsulated
what is the follow up regime for a pleomorphic adenoma
5 years
what is the treatment of pleomorphic adenoma
wide local excision
what are the two main problems of pleomorphic adenomas
recurrence
progression to carcinoma (rare)
what is a malignant pleomorphic adenoma tumour called
malignant ex-pleomorphic adenoma
what is Warthin’s tumour
adenolymphoma - related to smoking
where is Warthin’s tumour most commonly found
parotid gland
can occur bilaterally
what are the distinctive features of Warthin’s tumour
cystic spaces lined with epithelium
connective tissue capsule on outside
lymphoid cells present
how is Warthin’s tumour treated
excision
where are salivary gland carcinomas most commonly found
minor glands
what is adenoid cystic carcinoma
salivary gland carcinoma that is very difficult to eradicate
why is adenoid cystic carcinoma difficult to treat
grows along nerves (perineural infiltration)
late spread metastases by blood
what is mucoepidermoid carcinoma
2 cell types present histologically (squamous and glandular)
can be cystic or solid
what may cause cyst formation/ mucus formation in the jaw bones
odontogenic epithelium in the jaw bones
where is acinic cell carcinoma usually found
parotid
where is polymorphous adenocarcinoma usually found
minor glands in the palate
