Dysplasia and Oral Cancer 2 Flashcards
what are potentially malignant lesions
lesions that are en route to becoming cancer
much more likely to be cancer
only potentially malignant
give four examples of potentially malignant lesions
white lesions
red lesions
lichen planus
oral submucous fibrosis
why is erythroplakia more likely to become malignant
the red pigmentation is attributed to vascular changes which also happens in malignancies
what is dysplasia as a way of assessing cancer risk based on
cell atypia
epithelial architectural organisation
what are the new categorisation for assessing oral cancer
low grade
high grade
carcinoma in situ
what are some cytological features that would be present in oral mucosal dysplasia histologically
abnormal variation in nuclear size and shape
abnormal variation in cell size and shape
atypical mitosis figures
nuclear hyperchromatism
what are some architectural features that would be present in oral mucosal dysplasia histologically
irregular epithelium statification
loss of polarity of basal cells
drop-shaped rete ridges
increased and abnormal mitoses
abnormal keritanisation
loss of epithelial cell cohesion or adhesion
what would suggest a low grade dysplasia
easy to identify that the tumour originates from squamous epithelium
well formed basal cell layer surrounding the tumour islands
tumour islands well defined and continuous with surface epithelium
what would suggest a high grade dysplasia
little resemblance to a normal squamous epithelium
considerable atypia
non-cohesive pattern with small islands and single cells
mitotic figures prominent and many may be abnormal
what would suggest a carcinoma in situ dysplasia
abnormal architecture - full thickness or almost full
severe cytological atypia
mitotic abnormalities frequent
what histological aspects of pattern of invasion would be indicative of dysplasia
widely infiltrating small islands and single cells is more of a worry than bulbous rete pegs infiltrating at same
what histological aspects of depth of invasion would be indicative of dysplasia
tumour is greater than 4mm
what histological aspects of perineural invasion would be indicative of dysplasia
when tumour is seen within a large nerve at a site some distance from main tumour mass
what histological aspects of invasion of vessels would be indicative of dysplasia
invasion of vessels is linked to invasion of lymph nodes and metastases which gives poor prognosis
what is the field cancerisation concept
where a cancer develops in the mouth is not the only part of the mouth that has been exposed to the cancer inducing stimuli - cells in other areas are changing too but at a slower rate
