Pathology of Pulmonary infection Flashcards
List the 3 types of micro organisms that can cause infection.
Primary- (bad news)
Facultative
-Opportunistic
Name some URT infections
Coryza- common cold Sore throat syndrome Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis ( croup) Laryngitis Sinusitis Acute Epiglottitis (all of the above pathology stems from inflammation)
What is the most severe type of URT infection?
Acute Epiglottitis
- Group A beta- haemolytic Streptococci
- Haemohilus influenzae (type b)
Name the lower Respiratory Tract infections.
- Bronchitis
- Bronchiolitis
- Pneumonia
Name the componenets of the macrophage-mucociliary escalator system
- Alveolar Macrophages
- Mucociliary Escalator
- Cough Reflex
What happens to the mucociliary escalator during a viral infection?
Stripped clean, Why bacterial infections often follow consequently.
What are the three classifications of pneumonia?
Anatomical
Aetiological
Microbiological
What are the classifications of aetiological pneuomia?
six
- Community acquired pneumonia
- Hospital aquired (NOSOCOMIAL) pneumonia
- Pneumonai in immumocompromised
- Atypical pneumonia
- Aspiration pneumonia (Vom)
- Recurrent Pneumonia - somethings very wrong.
Describe the patterns of pneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
Segmental
Lobar
Hypostatic -lots of fluid in lung
Aspiration
Obstructive, retention, endogenous lipid
Describe Bronchopneumonia
Patchy infection of small airway from bacterial infection. Happens when laminar airflow changes to diffusion.
What are some causes of bronchpneumonia?
From circ failure
From Bronchitus
Describe lobar Pneumonia
Much more agressive, more invasive fills a whole lobe if possible until it reaches pleura.
What are the complications of pneumonia?
Organisation
Lung abscess
Bronchiectasis
What can happen due to organisation?
Mass lesion
COP (cryptogenic organisating pneumonia )
Constrictive bronchiolitis
Name some organisms which can cause a lung abscess?
Staph aureus, some pneumococci, Klebsiella
Bronchiectasis is what?
Pathological dilation of bronchi
What can cause Bronchiectasis?
- Severe Infective episode
- Recurrent infections
- Proximal bronchial obstruction
- Lung Parenchymal destruction
What are the feaures of bronchiectasis
- Cough
- Abundant purulent foul sputum
- haemoptysis
- Coarse crackles
- Clubbing
How to treat bronchiectasis
Postural drainage
Antibiotics
Surgery
Name the causes of aspiration pneumonia
- Vommiting
- Oesophageal lesion
- Obstetric Anaesthesia
- Neuromuscular disorders
- sedation
What is the most common place for aspiration pneumonia?
Apical centre of right lower lobe
Name some opportunistic infections
- Low grade bacterial pathogens
- CMV
- Pneumocystis jirovecii
- Other fungi and yeasts
