Developmental aspects of lung disease Flashcards
1
Q
Name the five stages of lung morphogenesis
A
- Embryonic
- Pseudo-glandular
- Canalicular
- Saccular
- Alveolar
2
Q
Explain what happens in the embryonic and pseudoglandular phases?
A
- Formation of major airways
- Formation of bronchial tree and portions of respiratory parenchyma
- Birth of the acinus
3
Q
Explain what happens in the cannicular phase?
A
- Last generations of the lung periphery formed
- Epithelial differentiation
- Air-blood barrier formed
4
Q
What happens in the saccular pahse?
A
Expansion of air spaces
-Surfactant excretion
5
Q
Explain what happens in the alveolar phase?
A
-Secondary septation
6
Q
What are the congenital lung disease that occur in the embryonic phase?
A
- Tracheal,Laryngeal stenosis (narrowing)
- Pulmonary agenesis (lung growth failure)
- Tracheo-oesophageal fistula (hole between the two)
7
Q
What are the congenital lung disease that occur in the Pseudoglandular phase?
A
- Pulmonary sequestration (non functioning in tissuse
- Cystadenomatoid malformation ( lobe of lung replaced by cystic tissue)
- Cyst Formation
8
Q
Name the diaphragmatic abnormalities
A
Pulmonary Hypoplasia (undevelopment) Persistent pulmonary hypertenstion
9
Q
What is surfactant made from?
A
Phospholipids and lipophilic proteins
10
Q
How do you treat hyaline membrane disease (RDS)
A
Antenatal glucocorticoids Surfactant replacement Oxygen CPAP ( continuous positive airway pressure) Mechanical ventilation
11
Q
Name the antenatal origins of adult COPD
A
- In utero nicotine exposure
- Nutrition
- Low birth weight?prematurity (antenatal steroids)
- Micronutrients/ vitamins
12
Q
Name the Post-natal origins of adult COPD
A
- Infection
- Growth
- (Exposure to Tobacco smoke)
- Environmental pollution
- Micro nutrients / Vitamins
