Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systems: Respiratory > COPD > Flashcards

COPD Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of COPD not causes by direct smoking?

A
  • Chronic Asthma
  • Passive smoking
  • Maternal smoking
  • Air Pollution
  • Occupation
  • Alpha 1- anti trypsin deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does Alpha-1 antitrypsin do?

A

Neutralises enzymes released by neutophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many variants of of the gene for alpha 1- antitrypsin are there?

A

75

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the normal genotype fo A1-antitrypsin?

A

PiMM-(86%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the troublesome genotype fo A1-antitrypsin?

A

PiZZ -(0.03%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What would be there differential diagnosis for a 40y/o smoker with cough and breathless on exertion?

A 
COPD
Asthma
Lung Cancer
Left Ventricular Failure
Fibrosing alveolitis
Bronchiectasis
Rare: TB,Recurrent pulmonary emboli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does COPD obstruct the airways?

A
  • Inflammation
  • Over production mucus
  • Loss of elasticity and disrupted alveolar attachments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many deaths arise from COPD a year?

A

30,000

6th most common cause of death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many men die from COPD?

A

15,700

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many women die from COPD?

A

14,300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do symptoms progress IN COPD?

A

Insidious, gradually worsening over the years!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the main symptoms of COPD?

A
  • Breathlessness
  • Cough & Sputum
  • Wheeze
  • Weight loss
  • Peripheral oedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the Breathlessness onset by COPD

A
  • Gradual

- Little variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the cough onset by COPD

A
  • Long history of “Smokers cough”
  • Clear Mucoid sputum
  • Early morning and winter months
  • 94% resolution if smoking stops
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What would you suspect if haemoptysis:

A
  • Lung Cancer
  • TB
  • Bronchiectasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the wheeze onset by COPD

A

Typically on exertion

17
Q

Describe the weight loss onset by COPD

A

Indicates severe disease

18
Q

Describe what causes peripheral oedema onset by COPD

A

-Cor pulmonale
-Severe disease
Respiratory failure

19
Q

What is cor pulmonale?

A

Right heart failure due to secondary respiratory failure

20
Q

What are the signs of COPD?

A

Breathlesss walking into clinic
Pursed lip breathing
Cyanosis
CO2 Flap

21
Q

What signs of COPD could be seen during chest exam?

A
  • Hyperexpasnsion chest
  • Decrease in expansion
  • Laryngeal descent
  • Paradoxical mvmt of ribs and abdomen
  • Cardiac dullness to percussion
  • Decrease in breathe sounds
  • Prolonged expriation and wheeze
  • palpable liver
22
Q

What is paradoxical breathing?

A

Paradoxical breathing is a condition when your chest moves inward during inhalation instead of moving outward

23
Q

How is COPD graded?

A

FEV1 less than 80% of FVC

24
Q

What are some essntial investigations for diagnosising COPD?

A

-Full pulmonary function testing
-Lung volume
-Carbon monoxide
gas transfer

25
Q

Does asthma have reduced gas transfer?

A

NO

26
Q

What is the minimum response bronchodilator reversibility ?

A

-Baseline , 15 minutes post neb 2.5-5mg subutamol

27
Q

When is there a significant chance of reversibility?

A

Delta FEV1 greater than 200ml and delta FEV1 greater than 15% baseline

28
Q

When response to bronchodilator/steroid is insignificant what does this suggest?

A

COPD

29
Q

What are some clincal features found in a chest radiograph

A
  • Hyperinflated lung fields (Greater than 10 posterior ribs seen)
  • Flattened diaphragm
  • Luncent lung fields
  • Bullae
30
Q

Define type 1 respiratory failure

A

Low PO2

31
Q

Define type 2 respiratory failure

A

Low PO2

High PCO2

32
Q

What would be shown on an ECG with a person with

A
  • Right axis deviation
  • P pulmonale
  • T wave inversion v1-v4
33
Q

What microorgansims cause increased sputum

A

s Pnemoniae
H influenza
M catarrahlis

34
Q

What helps treatment of COPD?

A
  • Neb Bronchodilator (beta 2 & anti muscarinic)
  • 02
  • Oral/IV corticosteroids
  • Antibiotic
  • Diuretic iv amniophylline
  • respiratory stimulant
  • NIV( non invasive ventilation)

Systems: Respiratory (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions