Non-Cancerous Cardiothroracic surgery Flashcards
What are the main causes of a Lung Abscess?
- Aspiration, incl FB
- Pneumonia
- PTE (pulmonary thromboembolism)
- Lung cancer
- Septic emboli
What are the outcomes for a lung abscess?
- Heal Spontaneously
- Rupture
Where does a lung abscess rupture to?
- Plueral space
- Main airway
What are the different types of empyema?
- Post pneumonic
- Post-Operative
- Oesophageal
- Upper abdonimal related
- Osteomyelitis
- Post-traumatic
What is the most common cause of empyema?
Pneumonia
What affect does empyema have on the pleural membranes?
- Causes thickening
- Trapped lung
What is decortication?
-Removal of thickened pleura
Why cant deocortication be preformed on patients with COPD?
Can end up peeling bits of lung off (not ideal)
Name the type of thymic tumours?
- Thymoma
- Thymolipoma
- Thymic carcinoma
- Carcinoid tumours of the thymus
- Lymphoma
Where is the thymus gland located?
Anterior mediastinum
Can thymic tumours be benign?
ALL have the potential for MALIGNANCY
When is tracheal surgery preformed?
- Repair iatrogenic injury
- Tracheal tumours
What are the two types of tracheal tumours normally found?
- Salivary gland tumours
- Squamous carcinoma
What is the correct name for a salivary gland tumour?
-Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Name the 7 types of benign tumours?
- Hamartoma (abnormal mixture of cells)
- Fibroma
- Lipoma
- Nueral tumours
- Papillomas (epithelium)
- Chondroma (cartilaginous)
What is a neurofibroma?
Tumour of myelin sheath
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax causes?
none- No disease
Secondary pneumothorax causes?
Asthma Cystic fibrosis COPD HIV TB
What happens in a tension pneumothorax?
Air cannot escape from pleural cavity
How does a spontaneous haemopneumothorax occur?
Lung may heal with adhesion of pleura- second time it happens this ruptures. The adhesion is usually very vascular
What are the options for surgery for pneumothorax?
- Pluerodesis
- Pleurectomy
What happens in a pluerodesis?
-sticking together of pleura with talc
What are the three main causes of lung transplants?
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Emhysema
What are the 6 requirements for having lung transplant surgery?
- Age<65
- Not Overweight
- Not Diabeteic
- No Renal failure
- No mental illness
- Good social support
