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Systems: Respiratory > Non-Cancerous Cardiothroracic surgery > Flashcards

Non-Cancerous Cardiothroracic surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main causes of a Lung Abscess?

A
  • Aspiration, incl FB
  • Pneumonia
  • PTE (pulmonary thromboembolism)
  • Lung cancer
  • Septic emboli
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2
Q

What are the outcomes for a lung abscess?

A
  • Heal Spontaneously

- Rupture

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3
Q

Where does a lung abscess rupture to?

A
  • Plueral space

- Main airway

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4
Q

What are the different types of empyema?

A
  • Post pneumonic
  • Post-Operative
  • Oesophageal
  • Upper abdonimal related
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Post-traumatic
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5
Q

What is the most common cause of empyema?

A

Pneumonia

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6
Q

What affect does empyema have on the pleural membranes?

A
  • Causes thickening

- Trapped lung

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7
Q

What is decortication?

A

-Removal of thickened pleura

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8
Q

Why cant deocortication be preformed on patients with COPD?

A

Can end up peeling bits of lung off (not ideal)

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9
Q

Name the type of thymic tumours?

A
  • Thymoma
  • Thymolipoma
  • Thymic carcinoma
  • Carcinoid tumours of the thymus
  • Lymphoma
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10
Q

Where is the thymus gland located?

A

Anterior mediastinum

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11
Q

Can thymic tumours be benign?

A

ALL have the potential for MALIGNANCY

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12
Q

When is tracheal surgery preformed?

A
  • Repair iatrogenic injury

- Tracheal tumours

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13
Q

What are the two types of tracheal tumours normally found?

A
  • Salivary gland tumours

- Squamous carcinoma

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14
Q

What is the correct name for a salivary gland tumour?

A

-Adenoid cystic carcinoma

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15
Q

Name the 7 types of benign tumours?

A
  • Hamartoma (abnormal mixture of cells)
  • Fibroma
  • Lipoma
  • Nueral tumours
  • Papillomas (epithelium)
  • Chondroma (cartilaginous)
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16
Q

What is a neurofibroma?

A

Tumour of myelin sheath

17
Q

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax causes?

A

none- No disease

18
Q

Secondary pneumothorax causes?

A 
Asthma
Cystic fibrosis 
COPD
HIV
TB
19
Q

What happens in a tension pneumothorax?

A

Air cannot escape from pleural cavity

20
Q

How does a spontaneous haemopneumothorax occur?

A

Lung may heal with adhesion of pleura- second time it happens this ruptures. The adhesion is usually very vascular

21
Q

What are the options for surgery for pneumothorax?

A
  • Pluerodesis

- Pleurectomy

22
Q

What happens in a pluerodesis?

A

-sticking together of pleura with talc

23
Q

What are the three main causes of lung transplants?

A
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Pulmonary Fibrosis
  • Emhysema
24
Q

What are the 6 requirements for having lung transplant surgery?

A
  • Age<65
  • Not Overweight
  • Not Diabeteic
  • No Renal failure
  • No mental illness
  • Good social support
25
Q

What is the mortality rate for a single lung transplant?

A

5-10%

26
Q

What is the mortality rate for a double lung transplant?

A

5-20%

Systems: Respiratory (19 decks)

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