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Dermatology > Pathology of Pigmented Skin Lesions > Flashcards

Pathology of Pigmented Skin Lesions Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Tumours above the basement membrane are in-situ/invasive

A

In-situ

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2
Q

Tumours that have penetrated the basement membrane are invasive/in-situ

A

Invasive

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3
Q

Freckles are an adaptive response to what?

A

UV exposure

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4
Q

Actinic lentigines are commoner in which age type?

A

Older people

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5
Q

Most babies are born with a congenital naevus. True/false?

A

False - 1-2%

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6
Q

How are acquired naevi formed?

A

By a breakdown in melanocyte to keratinoyte ratio during infancy

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7
Q

Naevi have a high malignant potential. True/false?

A

False

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8
Q

How do acquired naevi develop from childhood to adulthood?

A

Go from junctional to compound to intradermal

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9
Q

Do dysplastic familial naevi carry a high risk of melanoma?

A

Yes - up to 100%

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10
Q

How do halo naevi present?

A

With depigmentation around the border due to it being overrun by lymphocytes

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11
Q

Blue naevi consist of what kind of cells?

A

Pigment rich dendritic spindle cells

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12
Q

Spitz naevi closely mimic a melanoma. True/false?

A

True

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13
Q

Melanomas are commoner in which gender?

A

Females

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of a melanoma?

A

UV exposure (sunburn)

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15
Q

What are some signs of a melanoma?

A 
New pigmented lesion in adulthood
Ulceration
Bleeding
Change in shape
Irregular pigmentation
Satellite nodules
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16
Q

What are the four main types of melanoma?

A

Superficial spreading
Acral lentiginous
Lentigo maligna
Nodular

17
Q

What is the commonest type of melanoma?

A

Superficial spreading

18
Q

Superficial spreading, acral lentiginous and lentigo malinaallgrow as a papule/macule?

A

Macule - no bump

19
Q

If the melanoma has become nodular will it be invasive?

A

Yes

20
Q

A nodular melanoma is in what phase all the time?

A

Vertical growth

21
Q

What are the two most factors in melanoma prognosis?

A

Breslow depth

Ulceration

22
Q

What is Breslow depth?

A

The distance between the granular layer and the deepest point of the tumour in mm

23
Q

The Breslow depth is 3mm. What is the survival rate?

A

55%

24
Q

How do malignant melanomas spread?

A

From local dermal lymphatics to regional lymph nodes and then through the blood

25
Q

How are melanomas primarily treated?

A

Primary excision

26
Q

New drugs are being developed to target which oncogene involved in melanoma formation?

A

B-Raf

Dermatology (21 decks)

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