Pathology of Hypertension Flashcards
d: hypertension
a disorder in which the level of sustained arterial BP is higher than expected for the age, sex and race of the individual
Name some things hypertension is a risk factor for:
MI cerebral haemorrhage atheroma renal failure sudden cardiac death
hypertension is higher/lower incidence in black populations?
higher
Name the 3 factors that contribute to CO?
HR
Contractility
BV
Name the 2 types of drugs/enzymes which contribute to SVR?
constrictors eg AT 2
Dilators eg NO
How is primary hypertension caused?
salt intake too high
raas
sympathetic
What diseases cause secondary hypertension?
Renal disease Endocrine disease Aortic disease Renal artery stenosis Drug therapy
What are the renal causes of hypertension/
any renal disease- including renal arterial stenosis acute/chronic glomerulonephritis chronic pyelonephritis cystic diseases interstitial nephritis
What is the pathophysiology of renal causes of HT?
reduced renal BF
XS renin release
Salt and Water overload
Endocrine causes of HT?
adrenal gland hyperfunction tumours
conn’s syndrome
cushing’s syndrome
phaeochromocytoma
Name some other causes of HT?
coartctation of the aorta
Drugs
What are the 2 types of hypertension?
malignant
benign
eventually benign HT Causes….
Left ventricular hypertrophy Congestive cardiac failure Increases atheroma Increases aneurysm rupture - aortic dissection, Berry aneurysms
Renal disease
What does hypertension cause in the heart?
LV hypertrophy increased load in LV poor perfusion interstitial fibrosis micro-infarcts diastolic dysfunction
What are some microvascular injuries that relate to HT?
BV wall changes
retina and kidney
thickening of media
Hyaline Arteriosclerosis
