Anatomy Flashcards
f: sympathetic nerves in the heart
increase HR and Contractility
f; parasympathetic nerves in the heart
decrease HR
How do sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves reach the heart/
via the cardiac plexus
how do pain fibres travel to the spinal cord?
alongside sympathetic nerves in cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves and cardiopulmonary plexus
How do reflex afferent nerves (from baroreceptors) travel?
travel mainly in the vagus nerve some also in CN XI
How presynaptic sympathetic fibres from the brain?
travel inferiorly within spinal cord tracts and then…
2. exit the spinal cord in one of T1-L2/3 spinal nerves
What are the 5 options that PREsynaptic sympathetic fibres from the brain after they exit the spinal cord in one of the T1-L2/3 spinal nerves?
go into the ganglion of that level & synapse
travel superiorly in the sympathetic chain to another ganglion & synapse
travel inferiorly in the sympathetic chain to another ganglion & synapse
pass straight through the sympathetic chain ganglion without synapsing, as abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves ,to synapse in one of the prevertebral ganglia of the abdomen (e.g. celiac ganglion)
pass straight to the adrenal medulla without synapsing as an abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve (directly stimulating adrenaline release)
How do Parasympathetic signals reach the organs?
Cranial Nerves III, VII, IX & X
Name the Potential Causes of Central Chest Pain:
SOMATIC: muscles, joints, bones, nerves VISCERAL: heart and great vessels trachea oesophagus abdominal viscerae
What is the nature of somatic pain?
sharp, stabbing, well localised
what is the nature of visceral pain?
dull, aching, nauseating, poorly localised
Why is somatic pain sharp and well-localised?
due to precisely (somatotopically) organised pathways from periphery and projections to cortex
How do you KNOW that you have a pain ie when do you think that hurts?
sensation reaches consciousness at cerebral cortex
