Histology Flashcards
name the 2 systems the circulatory system consists of?
lymphatic
cardiovascular
where is the majority of blood found and how much of it is?
peripheral veins 65%
how much blood is just in the capillaries?
5%
Name the 3 layers of the BV from inner to outer?
tunica intima
tunica media
tunic adventitia
f’s: circulatory system
Transport of O2 and nutrients to tissue
Transport of CO2 and other metabolic waste
Temp regulation
Distribution of hormones and immune cells
Reproductive function in males
Name the 3 layers of the heart from inside out
endocardium
myocardium
Epicardium
what heart layer lines inner surface if the heart including valves?
endocardium
what is the structure of the endocardium histologically?
endothelium
basal lamina
thin layer of collagen fibres
layer of connective tissue
d: subendocardium
loose connective tissue containing small BV and nerves and the branches of the impulse connecting system
What is the thick middle layer of the heart?
myocardium
what is the histological structure of the myocardium?
bundles and layers of contractile cardiac muscle fibres
fibres are surrounded by collagenous connective tissue and rich capillary network
what does the intercalated disc do?
acts to attach cells
what is the outer layer of the heart called?
epicardium
what is the histological makeup of the heart?
mesothelium
basal lamina
fibroelastic connective tissue and in some places adipose tissue
What layer are the coronary arteries found and where specifically?
epicardium
areas with significant adipose
Name the two parts pf the pericardium
fibrous
serous
what is the fibrous pericardium made up of?
sac of tough fibrocollagenous connective tissue
what is the serous pericardium made up of?
made up of the layer of simple squamous epithelium
basal lamina
connective tissue
which serous pericardium lines the inner surface of fibrous pericardium?
parietal serous pericardium
which serous pericardium covers the surface of the heart?
visceral serous pericardium
what are the parietal serous pericardium’s separated by?
thin pericardial cavity
what is in the thin pericardial cavity?
contains pericardial fluid
provides lubrication for the heart movt
How is the fibrous skeleton of the heart formed by?
Skeleton formed by bands of fibrous connective tissue around heart valves, between the atria and ventricles
This is connective tissue supports valves and provides the attachment for cardiac muscle fibres
How are heart valves made?
outer endothelial layer and basal lamina, layer of collagen and fibres
core of dense connective tissue: lamina fibrosa
in continuity with fibrous skeleton
are there BV in the nerves of the heart?
no
what ae the chordae tendineae?
leaflets of the valves separating the atria from the ventricles (the mitral and tricuspid) are anchored to papillary muscles in the wall of the ventricle by collagenous strands
Name the 3 types of cardiac muscle cells?
contractile
pacemaker cells
conducting
what are considerably smaller than contractile myocytes?
pacemaker and conducting cells
What are pacemaker and conducting cells embedded in?
a more extensive matrix of connective tissue
why do pacemaker and conducting cells appear pale?
due paucity of organelles within them
How do purkinje fibres distribute the excitatory activity?
the excitatory activity such that ventricular contraction generally occurs from inferior to superior
what is the histological structure of lymphatic vessels?
smooth muscle in walls
voluntary muscles
what produces flow in in lymph vessels?
hydrostatic pressure in the tissue and compression of the vessels by voluntary muscle, combined with valves in the vessels, produces flow
