Histology

Question 1

name the 2 systems the circulatory system consists of?

Answer 1

lymphatic

cardiovascular

Question 2

where is the majority of blood found and how much of it is?

Answer 2

peripheral veins 65%

Question 3

how much blood is just in the capillaries?

Answer 3

5%

Question 4

Name the 3 layers of the BV from inner to outer?

Answer 4

tunica intima
tunica media
tunic adventitia

Question 5

f’s: circulatory system

Answer 5

Transport of O2 and nutrients to tissue
Transport of CO2 and other metabolic waste
Temp regulation
Distribution of hormones and immune cells
Reproductive function in males

Question 6

Name the 3 layers of the heart from inside out

Answer 6

endocardium
myocardium
Epicardium

Question 7

what heart layer lines inner surface if the heart including valves?

Answer 7

endocardium

Question 8

what is the structure of the endocardium histologically?

Answer 8

endothelium
basal lamina
thin layer of collagen fibres
layer of connective tissue

Question 9

d: subendocardium

Answer 9

loose connective tissue containing small BV and nerves and the branches of the impulse connecting system

Question 10

What is the thick middle layer of the heart?

Answer 10

myocardium

Question 11

what is the histological structure of the myocardium?

Answer 11

bundles and layers of contractile cardiac muscle fibres

fibres are surrounded by collagenous connective tissue and rich capillary network

Question 12

what does the intercalated disc do?

Answer 12

acts to attach cells

Question 13

what is the outer layer of the heart called?

Answer 13

epicardium

Question 14

what is the histological makeup of the heart?

Answer 14

mesothelium
basal lamina
fibroelastic connective tissue and in some places adipose tissue

Question 15

What layer are the coronary arteries found and where specifically?

Answer 15

epicardium

areas with significant adipose

Question 16

Name the two parts pf the pericardium

Answer 16

fibrous

serous

Question 17

what is the fibrous pericardium made up of?

Answer 17

sac of tough fibrocollagenous connective tissue

Question 18

what is the serous pericardium made up of?

Answer 18

made up of the layer of simple squamous epithelium
basal lamina
connective tissue

Question 19

which serous pericardium lines the inner surface of fibrous pericardium?

Answer 19

parietal serous pericardium

Question 20

which serous pericardium covers the surface of the heart?

Answer 20

visceral serous pericardium

Question 21

what are the parietal serous pericardium’s separated by?

Answer 21

thin pericardial cavity

Question 22

what is in the thin pericardial cavity?

Answer 22

contains pericardial fluid

provides lubrication for the heart movt

Question 23

How is the fibrous skeleton of the heart formed by?

Answer 23

Skeleton formed by bands of fibrous connective tissue around heart valves, between the atria and ventricles
This is connective tissue supports valves and provides the attachment for cardiac muscle fibres

Question 24

How are heart valves made?

Answer 24

outer endothelial layer and basal lamina, layer of collagen and fibres
core of dense connective tissue: lamina fibrosa
in continuity with fibrous skeleton

Question 25

are there BV in the nerves of the heart?

Answer 25

no

Question 26

what ae the chordae tendineae?

Answer 26

leaflets of the valves separating the atria from the ventricles (the mitral and tricuspid) are anchored to papillary muscles in the wall of the ventricle by collagenous strands

Question 27

Name the 3 types of cardiac muscle cells?

Answer 27

contractile pacemaker cells conducting

Question 28

what are considerably smaller than contractile myocytes?

Answer 28

pacemaker and conducting cells

Question 29

What are pacemaker and conducting cells embedded in?

Answer 29

a more extensive matrix of connective tissue

Question 30

why do pacemaker and conducting cells appear pale?

Answer 30

due paucity of organelles within them

Question 31

How do purkinje fibres distribute the excitatory activity?

Answer 31

the excitatory activity such that ventricular contraction generally occurs from inferior to superior

Question 32

what is the histological structure of lymphatic vessels?

Answer 32

smooth muscle in walls | voluntary muscles

Question 33

what produces flow in in lymph vessels?

Answer 33

hydrostatic pressure in the tissue and compression of the vessels by voluntary muscle, combined with valves in the vessels, produces flow