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MODULE 12 - Integrated Body Systems > PATHOLOGY - Neoplasia > Flashcards

PATHOLOGY - Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five oncogenic retroviruses of veterinary significance?

A

Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)
Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV)
Avian leukosis virus
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV)

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2
Q

What is the main oncogenic herpesvirus of veterinary significance?

A

Gallid alphaherpes virus 2

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3
Q

Which neoplasias are caused by feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)?

A

Lymphoma
Leukaemia

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4
Q

Which neoplasias are caused by bovine leukaemia virus (BLV)?

A

Lymphoma
Leukaemia

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5
Q

Which neoplasias are caused by avian leukosis virus?

A

Lymphoma
Leukaemia

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6
Q

Which neoplasia is caused by feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)?

A

Lymphoma

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7
Q

Which neoplasia is caused by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV)?

A

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

Which disease is caused by Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2?

A

Marek’s disease

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9
Q

Which is the characteristic sign associated with Marek’s disease?

A

Marek’s disease is characterised by diffuse T-cell lymphomas

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10
Q

What are the four differentials of round cell tumours?

A

Lymphoma
Mast cell tumours
Plasma cell tumours
Histiocytoma

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11
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

Lymphoma is neoplasia of the lymphocytes (B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes) which can infiltrate and form tumours in the lymphatic system as well as other organ systems

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12
Q

Which diagnostic technique can be used to differentiate between B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte lymphoma?

A

Immunohistochemistry

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13
Q

How can immunohistochemistry be used to differentiate between B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte lymphoma?

A

Immunohistochemistry cen be used to differentiate between B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte lymphoma through detecting the expression of specific markers on neoplastic cells

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14
Q

The detection of which marker by immunohistochemistry is indicative of B-lymphocyte lymphoma?

A

Marker CD79a

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15
Q

The detection of which marker by immunohistochemistry is indicative of T-lymphocyte lymphoma?

A

Marker CD3

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16
Q

What are the three anatomical classifications of lymphoma?

A

Multicentric lymphoma
Mediastinal lymphoma
Gastrointestinal lymphoma

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17
Q

What is multicentric lymphoma?

A

Multicentric lymphoma refers to lymphoma that affects multiple lymph nodes (usually bilaterally) and lymphoid tissues throughout the body

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18
Q

What is mediastinal lymphoma?

A

Mediastinal lymphoma refers to lymphoma that affects the mediastinal lymph nodes and lymphoid tissues (i.e. the thymus)

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19
Q

What is gastrointestinal lymphoma?

A

Gastrointestinal lymphoma refers to lymphoma that affects the gastrointestinal organs and lymph nodes

20
Q

What are the two most significant bovine lymphomas?

A

Enzootic bovine lymphoma
Sporadic bovine lymphoma

21
Q

Which age group of cattle are most commonly affected by enzootic bovine lymphoma?

A

Adult cattle

22
Q

Which virus causes enzootic bovine lymphoma?

A

Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV)

23
Q

What are the two mechanisms of transmission of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) between cattle?

A

Arthropod vectors
Reusing dirty needles

24
Q

Which age group of cattle are most commonly affected by sporadic bovine lymphoma?

A

Young cattle

25
Q

What are the two forms of sporadic bovine lymphoma?

A

Multicentric sporadic bovine lymphoma
Thymic sporadic bovine lymphoma

26
Q

(T/F) Feline lymphoma is most commonly associated with neoplastic T-lymphocytes

A

TRUE.

27
Q

(T/F) Feline lymphoma is always caused by feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infection

A

FALSE. Before the development of the feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) vaccination, the most common cause of feline lymphoma was FeLV, however, following the FeLV vaccination, most feline lymphoma cases are FeLV negative

28
Q

Describe the signalement for feline lymphoma caused by feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)

A

Young to middle aged cats presenting with mediastinal or multicentric lymphoma

29
Q

Describe the signalement for feline lymphoma that is not caused by feline leukaemia virus

A

Cats over ten years of age presenting with gastrointestinal lymphoma

30
Q

What is the most common subtype of gastrointestinal lymphoma seen in older cats?

A

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma

31
Q

Why is it so challenging to differentiate between enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma and inflammatory bowel disease in cats?

A

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma and inflammatory bowel disease are challenging to differentiate as both of these diseases are T-lymphocyte mediated diseases which infiltrate the gut and are commonly diagnosed in older cats with a similar clinical presentation

32
Q

Which diagnostic technique can be used to differentiate between enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma and inflammatory bowel disease in cats?

A

PCR for Antigen Receptor Rearrangement (PARR)

33
Q

How can PCR for Antigen Receptor Rearrangement (PARR) be used to differentiate between enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma and inflammatory bowel disease in cats?

A

PCR for Antigen Receptor Rearrangement (PARR) is a clonality assay that helps to distinguish neoplastic lymphocytes from inflammatory lymphocytes. Neoplastic lymphocytes exhibit clonal expansion and thus all of their antibodies are the same and detect the same antigens, however, inflammatory lymphocytes are polyclonal and each antibody differs and detects a different antigen

34
Q

What is the most common anatomical presentation of canine lymphoma?

A

Multicentric lymphoma

35
Q

(T/F) Canine lymphoma is most commonly associated with neoplastic T-lymphocytes

A

FALSE. Canine lymphoma is most commonly associated with neoplastic B-lymphocytes

36
Q

What are the two most significant canine lymphomas?

A

Canine diffuse B-cell lymphoma
Canine T-zone lymphoma

37
Q

Describe the signalement for canine diffuse B-cell lymphoma

A

Adult, large breed dogs

38
Q

Describe the five stages of canine lymphoma

A

Stage 1: Single lymph node involvement
Stage 2. Multiple lymph node involvement
Stage 3: Generalised lymphadenopathy
Stage 4: Liver and/or spleen involvement
Stage 5: Bone, bone marrow, central nervous system (CNS) or other organ involvement

39
Q

What is the characteristic feature of mast cell tumours on histology?

A

Mast cell tumours are characterised by the presence of mast cells which are filled with histamine granules

40
Q

Which stain can be used to identify the histamine granules present within mast cell tumours?

A

Astra blue stain

41
Q

Describe the tumour grading system for mast cell tumours

A

Patnaik grade I: Well differentiated mast cell tumours with a good prognosis with surgical excision
Patnaik grade II: Moderately-differentiated mast cell tumour
Patnaik grade III: Malignant, invasive, metastatic mast cell tumour with a poor prognosis

42
Q

Describe the signalement for canine soft tissue sarcomas

A

Middle aged to old, medium to large breed dogs

43
Q

What are equine sarcoids?

A

Equine sarcoids are locally aggressive, non-metastatic fibroelastic skin tumours

44
Q

Which virus causes equine sarcoids?

A

Bovine papilloma virus (BPV)

45
Q

Describe the signalement for equine sarcoids

A

Three to six year old equids

MODULE 12 - Integrated Body Systems (19 decks)

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