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MODULE 12 - Integrated Body Systems > ANIMAL WELFARE - Transport Legislation > Flashcards

ANIMAL WELFARE - Transport Legislation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the eight main welfare issues associated with transport?

A

Handling
Social disruption
Food and water withdrawal
Acceleration and motion of the vehicle
Fatigue
Confinement
Thermal challenges
Risk of disease transmission

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2
Q

How does transport increase the risk of disease transmssion?

A

Stress leads to a suppressed immune system and enchanced susceptibility to pathogens

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3
Q

How does transport compromise the first of the five freedoms; freedom from hunger and thirst?

A

When being transported, animals are restricted from food and water

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4
Q

How does transport compromise the second of the five freedoms; freedom from discomfort?

A

When being transported, animals undergo both thermal and physical discomfort

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5
Q

How does transport compromise the third of the five freedoms; freedom from pain, injury and disease?

A

When being transported, animals are at risk of physical injury and are increasingly susceptible to pathogens

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6
Q

How does transport compromise the fourth of the five freedoms; freedom to express normal behaviour?

A

When being transported, animals are physically restricted and subjected to social disruption

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7
Q

How does transport compromise the fifth of the five freedoms; freedom from fear and distress?

A

When being transported, animals are subjected to fear and distress through handling and confinement

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8
Q

What are the five potential factors that can decrease carcass/meat quality, resulting in economic loss due to transport?

A

Weight loss
Injury
Mortality
Spread of disease
Stress

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9
Q

What is stress?

A

Stress is the biological response elicited when an animal perceives a threat to its homeostasis

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10
Q

What is distress?

A

Distress is the state produced when an animal is challenged beyond its behavioural and physiological capacity to adapt to its environment

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11
Q

What are some of the psychological stressors associated with transport?

A

Seperation
Restraint
Handling
Social disruption

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12
Q

What are some of the physical stressors associated with transport?

A

Hunger
Thirst
Fatigue
Injury
Thermal extremes

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13
Q

What be done to measure and assess stress during transport?

A

Measuring physiological variables
Assessing animal behaviour
Assessing mortality and morbidity
Assessing weight loss
Assessing for injury

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14
Q

What can be done to attempt to reduce stress during transport?

A
  1. Sympathetic and competent handling of animals during loading and unloading
  2. Well constructed and maintained vehicle that is designed and operated with the welfare of animals in mind
  3. Knowledgeable and skilled animal handlers and drivers
  4. Careful and considerate driving techniques
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15
Q

What is the major stressor associated with transport?

A

Thermal stress

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16
Q

Why should you never soak animals with water that are under heat stress due to transport?

A

Soaking animals with water that are under heat stress can actually worsen the situation as when animals are wet, the water on their fur or feathers can act as an insulator, trapping heat against their bodies and preventing effective cooling

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17
Q

What core temperature increase during transport is almost always fatal to animals?

A

5°C

18
Q

What are the seven signs of heat stress?

A

Panting
Sweating
Postural changes
Restlessness
Salivation
Exhaustion
Collapse

19
Q

What can be done to reduce heat stress associated with trasnsport?

A

Provision of a ventilation system which is able to dissipate both heat and moisture

20
Q

How are the hot and cold regions distrubuted throughout animal transport lorries?

A

In an animal transport lorry, the cold regions are closest to the back of the lorry as this region is both furthest from the engine and where fresh air enters the lorry while it’s moving. As the air passes through the lorry, it passes through all of the other animals, and the heat from their bodies rises, creating hotter regions towards the front of the lorry which is also closer to the engine. This is why animals at the top and front of the lorry are removed from the lorry first

21
Q

What is the Welfare in Transport Regulation EC 1/2005?

A

No animal shall be transported unless it is fit for the intented journey, and all animals shall be transported in conditions guaranteed not to cause them injury or unnecessary suffering

22
Q

Which range of animals does the Welfare in Transport Regulation EC 1/2005 cover?

A

The Welfare in Transport Regulation EC 1/2005 covers the transport of all live vertebrate animals in connection with an economic activity

23
Q

When does the Welfare in Transport Regulation EC 1/2005 not apply?

A
  1. Transport that is not in connection with an economic activity
  2. Transport to and from veterinary practices
    . Where animals are accompanied by their owner on a private journey
24
Q

When are the drivers of animal transport vehicles required to be authorised?

A

The drivers are required to be authorised for journeys over 65km

25
Q

What are the four additional requirements for a long journey according to animal transport legislation?

A

Vehicle authorisation certificate
Satellite navigation systems
Must be able to communicate with driver
Must have contingency plans

26
Q

What are the five vehicle requirements for a long journey according to animal transport legislation?

A

Satellite navigation systems
Temperature monitoring systems
Insulated roofs
Forced ventilation
Water (for pigs and horses)

27
Q

What is the required temperture range within vehicles for a long journey according to animal transport legislation?

A

Between 0 - 35°C

28
Q

According to animal transport legislation, what is considered a long journey?

A

Over eight hours

29
Q

Who carry out vehicle inspection and approval for long journeys?

A

Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)

30
Q

What are the specific ramp angles required for all vehicles according to animal transport legislation?

A

Ramps should be no steeper than 26.5° for sheep and cattle and no steeper than 20° for pigs

31
Q

What are the requirements for animals before a journey begins?

A

Animals must be rested, fed and watered for 24 hours before the journey begins

32
Q

What is the maximum journey time for unweaned calves, lambs, kids, foals and piglets?

A

9 hours with an hour rest followed by another 9 hours

33
Q

What is the maximum journey time for cattle, sheep and goats?

A

14 hours with an hour rest followed by another 14 hours

34
Q

What is the maximum journey time for horses?

A

24 hours

35
Q

What is the maximum journey time for pigs?

A

24 hours

36
Q

What is the maximum journey time for poultry?

A

12 hours

37
Q

What must be done with animals after reaching the maximum permitted journey times?

A

After reaching the maximum permitted journey times, animals must be unloaded, fed, watered and rested for a minimum of 24 hours at an approved assembly centre

38
Q

When are animals not considered fit to travel?

A
  1. Animals unable to move independently without pain
  2. Animals presenting a severe open wound or prolapse
  3. Pregnant females for whom 90% or more of the expected gestation period has already passed, or females who have given birth in the previous week
  4. New born mammals in which the naval has not completely healed
  5. Pigs less than three weeks of age, lambs less than one week of age, calves less than ten days of age (unless being transported less than 100km)
  6. Dogs and cats less than eight weeks of age, unless accompanied by their mother
  7. Cervine animals in velvet
39
Q

When may sick or injured animals be considered fit for transport?

A

When animals are slightly injured or ill and transport would not cause additional suffering. If in doubt, veterinary advice shall be sought

40
Q

At what mobility scores would cattle still be fit for transport?

A

Mobility score 0, 1 and 2 (if the animal is still weight bearing on all four legs)

41
Q

Who enforce animal welfare during transport?

A

Local councils/authority

42
Q

What can be done to improve animal welfare during transport in the future?

A

Have specific temperature ranges according to species
Permanent access to drinking water for all species
Increasing space allowances according to species
Decreasing maximum journey times

MODULE 12 - Integrated Body Systems (19 decks)

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