Pathology -Inflammation

Question 1

What is acute inflammation ?
How can u spot under the microscope ??
(4)

Answer 1

• initial defensive response to insult , leading to infiltration by neutrophils( bacterial ) and lymphocytes (viral)
• leakiness of capillaries increases
• cytokines increase

Under the microscope you can spot acute inflammation via : Mickey Mouse shaped nucleus

Question 2

What is chronic inflammation?
(6)
example

Answer 2

Infiltration by lymphocytes ,plasma cells and macrophages most commonly due to an Autoimmune disease ie: rheumatoid Arthritis!

You can spot the chronic inflammation under a microscope via :

• smooth and round edges nuclei
• usually stains darker, more purple
• mono nucleated cells

Question 3

What is a granulomatous chronic inflammation?
Examples :
(4)

Answer 3

• discrete collections of activated histocytes ( macrophages)
  -may contain multi nucleate cells =Giant cells
  -thin cuff of lymphocytes around the edges
  Ie: Sarcoid, TB, reaction to foreign body material

Question 4

What is an eosinophil rich inflammation ?
(3)
Examples ??

Answer 4

• Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions such as DRUG REACTION, insect bite reaction , Atopic eczema , eosinophil asthma !

Question 5

What is an abscess ?

2

Answer 5

• accumulation of pus ( neutrophils,debris , necrotic bacteria ) within the tissue

Question 6

What’s an empyema ?

2

Answer 6

-accumulation of pus in cavity like pleural cavity

Question 7

What is an ulcer?

2

Answer 7

1) defect in the thickness x the epithelium associated with inflamed necrotic debris

Question 8

What is Granulation tissue ?

2

Answer 8

-new connective tissue , with numerous new blood vessels that form in the base of an ulcer as part of repair process !

Question 9

What is a sinus tract ?

2

Answer 9

• blind ended channel leading from skin/ mucous surface to an underlying focus of inflammation/infection (usually lined by granulation tissue
• channel from skin to inflammation

Question 10

What’s a fistula ??

2

Answer 10

-abnormal connection ( tunnel and passage way) between 2 organs often due to chronic inflammation ( traumatic child birth and cancer )
( illegal canal )

Question 11

What’s caseous necrosis ?

2

Answer 11

-necrosis seen in granulomas due to TB ( naked eye appearance is cheesy )

Question 12

What’s impetigo ?

2

Answer 12

-upper epidermis is affected

bacterial and cornflakes looking infection

Question 13

What’s cellulitis ?

2

Answer 13

Bacterial infection of epidermis / deep dermis / subcutaneous tissue !