Anatomy basics Flashcards
What is the sagitall plane ?
Think Sagittarius! ( arrow)
(2)
The plane which divides ur body into L/R / CUTS STRAIGHT DOWN THE MIDDLE .
What’s the transverse plane ?
2
Cuts the body separates top and bottom = superior ( top) and inferior ( bottom)
What’s the Coronal plane ?
Think abt the way a crown sits on ur head !
(2)
The plane separates the front and back of ur body ( runs down the line of a crown)
What’s an oblique plane ?
Oblique=unique !
(2)
Planes at different angles !
What does superior and inferior mean ?
2
Superior - above
Inferior - bellow
What does cranial and cordal mean ?
2
Cranial - towards the head
Cordal- towards the tail
What does medial and lateral mean ?
2
Medial - towards the middle
Lateral- towards the outside
What does anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal mean ? (2)
Anterior/ventral- front
Posterior/dorsal- back
Superficial ?
Deep?
(2)
Superficial - on the top ( epidermis)
Deep- Dermis is deep to the epidermis ( just means deeper) 😂
Proximal ?
Distal ?
(2)
Proximal - in close proximity
Distal - larger distance Away
MOVEMENT
what is flexion?
What is extension?
(2)
Flexion—> decreases angle between muscles
Extension—> increases angle between muscle
What’s aBduction and ADDuction ?
ABduction- AWAY from the midline
ADDuction-TOWARDS midline
What’s lateral and medial rotation ?(2)
Medial rotation-internal rotation towards urself
Lateral rotation - external rotation towards the outside
What’s circumduction? (2)
Adding all the movements up ( circles with ur arms )
What’s supinations and pronation ?
2
Supination - rotate ur hands palms up
Pronation- rotate ur hands palms facing dorsally
What’s the dorsal body cavity contain ?
2
- consists of Cranial Cavity and Vertebral spinal cavity
What’s does the ventral cavity contain ?
2
- thoracic cavity
- abdominopelvic cavity
What does the thoracic cavity contain ?
(Divided into——)
(3 spaces called ———)
(6)
1) subdivided into:
- 2 pulmonary cavities (around the lungs)
- mediastinum (contains the pericardium = sac around the heart)
2) 3 potential spaces called :
- 2 pleural spaces (around the lung)=pleura
- pericardial space a around the heart =pericardium !
What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity ?
(1)
Diaphragm
What’s in the abdominal cavity ?
6
- stomach
- intestines
- spleen
- liver
- gall bladder
- kidneys
What’s in the pelvic cavity ?
3
- distal end of large intestine
- urinary bladder
- reproductive organs
What are the uses of serous lining membrane (mesothelium) ?
2
- prevents friction hence things don’t get inflamed
- allows movement of lungs and heart
What’s happens in between the visceral and partial layers of the mesothelium ?
(1)
-small volume of lubricating fluid (serous fluid)spread widely to prevent friction
Where are the 3 MESOTHELIUMS ?
3
1) pleura around lungs
2) pericardium around heart
3) peritoneum around abdominal organs (digestive system)
What is the :
1)visceral layer of the mesothelium ?
2)parietal layer of the mesothelium ?
(2)
1) visceral layer is near the organ
2) parietal is near the wall ( opposite side )
What does :
1) articulation mean?
2) what’s the origin and insertion point of muscles? What’s the difference ?
(3)
1) articulation : area with a joint/bone = 2 bones come together
2)
origin = attachment points of muscle more proximal to the Midline of the body
Insertion= attachment points of muscles distal from origin
What’s a ligament ?
What’s tendon ?
(2)
1) ligament=band of short connective tissue connects BONE to BONE
2) Tendon= attaches MUSCLE to BONE
What’s Anastomosis ?
What’s plexus ?
(2)
- anastomosis = connection between vessels and nerves
(cross-connection between adjacent channels, tubes, fibres, or other parts of a network)
-Plexus = branched nerve network : a network of nerves or vessels in the body.
What is Aponeurosis ?
(2)
What’s a bursa ?
(2)
Aponeurosis -a sheet of pearly white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in flat muscles having a wide area of attachment.
Bursa-small filled sac that acts as a cushion and gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body.
What’s a collateral ?
(2)
What’s a Raphe?
(2)
- backup /extra extension = not the main connective accessory
- Raphe - A seem that joins 2 sheets of muscle !
