Anatomy : Bone and Joints

Question 1

describe the axial divisions of the skeletal system
(2)
(think about the end of a book)

Answer 1

1) Axial skeleton protects the Organs

2) Appendicular Skelton ( the hanging one )- facilitates movement

Question 2

What are the 6 types of bone ?
(6)
give examples if u can
(u always forget the elements of the earth )

Answer 2

1) Long: like the Humorous or femur
2) Short- Carpals
3) Flat- Parietal, frontal and scapula
4) Irregular: vertebrae
5) Sesamoid :shaped like a sesame seed =patella ( knew cap)
6) Pneumatic ( air )-bones of the face

Question 3

what are the 5 regions of the vertebral column

5

Answer 3

from top to bottom :

1) Cervical Vertebrae (neck ) C1-C7 but C1/2 are different
2) Thoracic vertebrae (RIBS)-T1-T12
3) Lumbar Vertebrae (Bottom back ) L1-L5
4) Sacral - sacrum made of 5 fused vertebrae
5) Coccygeal -3,4 fused Bones ( TAIL bone )

Question 4

what do these terms mean : Openings and depressions:
a)Foramen 
b)Meatus 
c)Sinus 
d)Fossa
e)Sulcus 
f)Fissure 
(6)

Answer 4

a) Foramen -hole ie : base of skull where spinal cord can connect
b) Meatus-Canal opening
c) Sinus -Cavity
d) Fossa-Depression
e) Sulcus-Furrow
f) Fissure-DEEP FURROW

Question 5

what do these terms mean : BONY PROJECTIONS 
a)Crest 
b)Epicondyle 
c)Line
d)Spine 
e)Tuberosity 
f)Tubercle
g)Trochanter
(7)

Answer 5

a) crest - clear prominent ridges
b) Epicondyle -Projection above the condyle
c) Line-less prominent ridge
d) Spine-thin , long projections
e) Tuberosity-Raised bumpy projections
f) Tubercle-small rounded tuberosity
g) Trochanter-large tubercle

Question 6

What do these terms mean : Articulation terms
a)Condyle
b)Facet
(2)

Answer 6

a) Condyle -rounded projection for articulation

b) Facet -Flat , smooth area for articulation

Question 7

what is a joint ?

1

Answer 7

Junction of either bone to bone ; bone to cartilage ; bone to tooth

Question 8

how are joints classified ?

3

Answer 8

1)Structure - they can be fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial
2)Function - synarthrosis ( no movement )
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis- a little movement )
Synovial ( Diathrosis - full free movement !)

Question 9

What are fibrous joints , give examples and divisions ?
4 divisions
SGSI
(5)

Answer 9

1) Joint by fibrous tissue
a) Suture in your skull - eventually fuses completely
b) Gomphosis = tooth in bone (peg and socket)
c) Syndesmosis=sheet between 2 bones
d) Interosseous Membrane =between fibula and tibia

Question 10

what are cartilaginous joints ?
(4)
SS

Answer 10

1) joint by hyaline or fibrocartilage
a) Synchondrosis - IMMOVABLE ( growth plates , epiphyseal plates )= hyaline cartilage
b) Symphyis =fibrocartilage =Amphiarthrosis ( slightly moveable)=Pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints

Question 11

What are the different kinds of Synovial joints ?
(6)
(THINK ABOUT MOVEMENTS )
park 
hyungsik 
plays 
cool, 
suave,
bodyguards

Answer 11

synovial joint = ends of two bones coated In hyaline articular cartilage , separated by synovial cavity and bound together by FIBROUS CAPSULE ( which is lined by synovial membrane )

1) Plane /gliding -freely moveable back forth side to side = intercarpal!
2) Hinge joint-flexion and extension : knee!
3) Pivot: rotation : radioulnar joint
4) Condyloid- flexion-extension and abduction-adduction Ie:wrist joint called radoiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints
5) Saddle -flexion-extension and adduction-abduction - between trapezium of wrist and metacarpal of thumb
6) Ball and socket - rotation , flexion-extension and abduction -adduction = hip and shoulder joints !