ETHICS

Question 1

what is the teleological argument ? (1)

Answer 1

• based on consequences and outcomes

- action can be wrong based on outcomes

Question 2

what is the deontology ?(1)

Answer 2

argument based on intention

Question 3

what is ontological argument ?

1

Answer 3

argument based on character and actions - if the person is good , then what they did is good !

Question 4

what is existentialism ? (1)

Answer 4

• our purpose is to create our purpose through our own consciousness

Question 5

what is common sense realism? (1)

Answer 5

1-all beliefs must be justified and have facts and PROOF

Question 6

What is utilitarianism ?(1)

Answer 6

• principles of the greatest good - those who need things should get them !
• Greatest happiness principle

Question 7

what is the virtue theory ?(1)

Answer 7

• defines virtues (excellent character )
• actions shape character
• act good to become good !

Question 8

what is the deontological argument /natural law ? (1)

Answer 8

• something is simply right or wrong

- body of unchanging moral principles ie : KILLing is always wrong !

Question 9

what are the 4 pillars of medical ethics ?

Answer 9

1-autonomy
2-justice
3-non-maleficence
4-beificence

Question 10

what are the 5 health beliefs ?

5

Answer 10

1-Unrealistic optimism /optimistic bias : perception of risk is not rational . It won’t happen to me ,
2-Self -efficacy : the belief that someone can successfully perform a specified behaviour : I can quit smoking : they tend to :
-formulate intentions to act
-set goals
-exert greater effort/persevere longer
-regard failures as learning experience

3-Health locus :

• internal health locus , they are in control of their health ie : children with diabetes
• external health locus : believes faith , luck and power : they have less confidence in taking of their health.

4-Anticipated emotion - prevent health action so u have no regrets

5-Motivation - intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation

Question 11

what is the purpose of a health behaviour model ?

1

Answer 11

-they are developed in effort to explain , predict , therefore design effective interventions and encourage health -protective behaviours !

Question 12

what are the static /continuum models?

3

Answer 12

-health belief model
-protection motivation theory
-theory of planned behaviours
(static time frame , doesn’t assume stages )

Question 13

what are the stage models ?(2)

Answer 13

this model assumes that the process involved with behaviour change is different depending o what stage the patient is in .

1. stages of change model
2. health action process approach

Question 14

what is the health belief model ?
(8)
outline the main points

some
silly
children 
be
creating 
heavy 
problems

Answer 14

1-susceptibilty -do I have the disease , am I susceptible ?
2-severity-is the disease even serious ?
3-cost- how can I attend the screening , doe sit cost ? childcare ? work? am I too busy ?
4-benefits-what will I get out of this trial
5-cues to action-external or internal , I saw an Ad so I came for the screening for flu / internal cue= serious cough - I should quit smoking
6-health motivation - I wanna be healthy ,I wanna climb mount Everest
7-percieved controll- internal locus of control
They all contribute to their behaviour

Question 15

outline the stages of change model ?

Answer 15

1) precontemplation : no intention of quitting smoking - provide awareness and eduction around smoking
2) Contmeplation - back them up and give them more info
3) Preparation - set a quit date , prescribe the replacement drug , recommend support group
4) Action -manage their environment ( what is a high risk situation and how can we avoid this ) we do not want a relapse ! Use substitutes fro managing stress and anxiety
5) Maintenance - prevent RELAPSE = POSITIVE REINFORCEMENTS ! keep monitoring !