Pathology Flashcards
What is the progression of a cataract?
- degenerative change of fibres
- causes opacification
What is the main cause of cataracts?
- UVB damage
- hypertension
- smoking
- diabetes
What is Glaucoma?
- abnormal increase in pressure in the eye
Where does normal vitreous fluid drain into?
- Trabecular meshwork
- Schlemm canal
What causes glaucoma?
- blockage of the drainage through the trabecular meshwork
What is primary open angled glaucoma?
- poor drainage at trabecular meshwork
- chronic, slow onset, asymptomatic
What is angle closure glaucoma?
- drainage is patent, but iris is obstructing
- acute - emergency
Cupping of the optic nerve looks like what?
- edges of disk rolled up and centre depressed
What causes cupping of optic disk?
- increased intraocular pressure
What causes papilloedema?
- increased intracranial pressure
Scleritis vs episcleritis?
- scleritis = severe pain on movement
What is scleritis often associated with?
- HLA
- SLE
What is dry macular degeneration?
- no significant vascular proliferation
What is wet macular degeneration?
- vascular proliferation
What mediates wet macular degeneration?
- VEGF
What is drusen?
- proteins and lipids
- seen in macular degeneration
What type of glaucoma is associated with diabetes?
- Rubeotic glaucoma
Central retinal artery occlusion will appear what colour?
- pale
Central retinal vein occlusion will appear what colour?
- red
