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Ophthalmology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Where does bacterial conjunctivitis affect?

A
  • the conjunctiva

- epithelial cells at limbus

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A
  • red eye
  • watery pus
  • sticky
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3
Q

What is the most common organism associated with bacterial conjunctivitis?

A
  • s.aureus

- s. pneumonia

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4
Q

When should you swab for a bacterial conjunctivitis

A
  • diagnosis is clinical

- swab when failure to improve with treatment

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5
Q

What is the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A
  • chloramphenicol
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6
Q

What are the side effects of chloramphenicol?

A
  • allergy
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7
Q

Where should chloramphenicol drops be stored?

A
  • fridge
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8
Q

What is the most common organism of viral conjunctivitis?

A
  • adenovirus
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9
Q

What would a herpes simplex conjunctivitis appear like?

A
  • blisters
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10
Q

What would a herpes zoster conjunctivitis appear like?

A
  • wide spread
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11
Q

What are the symptoms of viral conjunctivitis?

A
  • red eye

- watery but not sticky

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12
Q

Treatment of a viral conjunctivitis?

A
  • self-limiting

- acyclovir

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13
Q

What might make you suspect chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A
  • not responding to treatment
  • bilateral in young patient
  • urethritis, vaginitis
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14
Q

Complication of a chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A
  • subtarsal scarring
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15
Q

Treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A
  • topical oxytetracycline
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16
Q

Where does microbial keratitis affect?

A
  • infections of the cornea
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17
Q

What are the symptoms of microbial keratitis?

A
  • hypopyon

- painful

18
Q

Explain hypopyon?

A
  • extreme inflammation

- pus and clouding of anterior chamber

19
Q

What are complications associated with microbial keratitis?

A
  • perforation of cornea

- DONT use steroids –> corneal melt

20
Q

Treatment of microbial keratitis?

A
  • hourly drops - admit
  • ofloxacin
  • gentamicin
21
Q

Dendritic ulcer?

A
  • herpes keratitis
22
Q

Subepithelial infiltrates?

A
  • adenovirus keratitis
23
Q

Treatment of herpes keratitis?

A
  • topical anti-viral

- ganciclovir

24
Q

What is the most common causative organism of keratitis?

A
  • acanthamoeba
25
Q

When might you suspect keratitis?

A
  • contact lens wearer who washes in water
26
Q

Treatment of preseptal cellulitis?

A
  • oral flucoloxacillin
27
Q

Orbital cellulitis is sign threatening

TRUE OR FALSE

A
  • TRUE
28
Q

Orbital cellulitis is often associated with what?

A
  • paranasal sinusitis
29
Q

How do you treat orbital cellulitis

A
  • broad spectrum antibiotics

- may require drainage

30
Q

Explain endophthalmitis

A
  • infection of the eye
31
Q

How do you diagnose endophthalmitis?

A
  • draw fluid for culture to diagnose
32
Q

Endophthalmitis is often a complication of what?

A
  • surgery
33
Q

Treatment of endophthalmitis?

A
  • intravitreal amikacin
34
Q

Chorioretinitis?

A
  • inflammation of the back of the eye (choroid)

- associated with HIV

35
Q

Toxoplasmosis may cause____

A
  • chorioretinitis
36
Q

Toxoplasmosis may be from___

A
  • contaminated sold and undercooked meat
37
Q

Toxocara canis may be from____

A
  • roundworms
38
Q

Chloramphenicol inhibits____

A
  • protein synthesis
39
Q

Penicillins inhibit____

A
  • cell wall synthesis
40
Q

Quinolones inhibit____

A
  • nucleic acid synthesis
41
Q

What is a common contaminant of eye drops and what should be done to reduce risk?

A
  • pseudomonas

- discard bottles after 4 weeks

Ophthalmology (7 decks)

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