Pathology

Question 1

Is a response of vascularized tissues to infections and damaged tissues that brings cells and molecules of host defense from the circulation to the sites where they are needed in order to eliminate the offending agents

Answer 1

Inflammation

Question 2

Causes of inflammation

Answer 2

Infection, tissue necrosis, foreign bodies, immune reactions

Question 3

First step in all inflammatory reactions

Answer 3

Recognition of offending agents

Question 4

Recognition of microbes and damaged cells

Answer 4

Cellular receptors for microbes
Sensors of cell damage
Opsonins
Circulating proteins

Question 5

Molecules/ receptors that activate a multiprotein cytosolic complex called inflammasome

Answer 5

DNA
Uric acid
ATP
Reduce intracellular K+ concentrations

Question 6

Main components of inflammation

Answer 6

Vascular reaction

Cellular response

Question 7

Steps for inflammatory response (5Rs)

Answer 7

Recognition of injurious agent
Recruitment of leukocytes
Removal of the agent
Regulation of the response
Repair

Question 8

Three major components of acute inflammation

Answer 8

Dilation of small vessels
Increased permeability
Emigration of leukocytes

Question 9

Hallmark of acute inflammation

Answer 9

Increased vascular permeability

Question 10

Most common mechanism of increased vascular permeability; immediate transient response

Answer 10

Contraction of endothelial cells

Question 11

Mechanisms of increased vascular permeability

Answer 11

Contraction of endothelial cells
Direct damage to endothelial injury
Endothelial injury due to leukocytes
Transcytosis

Question 12

What are the mechanisms that are responsible for increased vascular permeability

Answer 12

Retraction or contraction of endothelial cells
Endothelial injury
Leukocyte mediated vascular injury
Increased transcytosis

Question 13

Refers to the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial tissue or body cavities

Answer 13

Edema

Question 14

Hyperemia is caused by

Answer 14

Increased in arterial blood flow

Obstruction to the outflow of venous blood

Question 15

A type of hyperemia that is involving the dilatation of arteries/arterioles resulting in increased blood flow of a tissue or organ

Answer 15

Active

Question 16

A pathologic active hyperemia is always associated with

Answer 16

inflammation

exudate formation

Question 17

A type of hyperemia due to impaired venous drainage resulting in stasis and accumulation of deoxygenated venous blood

Answer 17

Passive

Question 18

Clinical significance of hemorrhage depends upon

Answer 18

Amount
Rate of blood loss
Site of hemorrhage

Question 19

Components that is involved in hemostasis

Answer 19

Endothelium
Platelet
Compliment/clotting factors

Question 20

The anticoagulant factors of endothelium that inhibit platelet aggregation

Answer 20

Prostacyclin
ADP
NO

Question 21

The anticoagulant factors of the endothelium causes

Answer 21

Vasodilation
Increase blood flow
Decrease adhesion in the vessel wall

Question 22

Anti thrombin activity is mediated by

Answer 22

Thrombomodulin

Question 23

The release of what factor will promote the binding of platelets to the surface

Answer 23

vWF

Question 24

Virchow’s triad

Answer 24

Endothelial injury
Decrease blood flow
Hypocoagulability

Question 25

The scientific study of pathology focuses on the following aspects of a lesion and disease

Answer 25

Etiology or causes
Pathogenesis
Morphological changes
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestations