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CMED211 > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

True about cell walls

A 
Cell division
Osmotic protection
Primer of its own biosynthesis
Endotoxin
Non selectively permeable
Shape 
Sites of antigenic determinants
Diaminopimelic acid
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2
Q

Unique element of bacterial cell walls; immediate precursor of lysine in the bacterial biosynthesis of that amino acid

A

Diaminopimelic acid

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3
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Monera; archaea, bacteria

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4
Q

The peptidoglycan layer is composed of

A

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid connected by B1-4 linkage

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5
Q

Gram positive distinguishing component

A

Peptidoglycan
Teichoic acid
Sensitive to lysozyme

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6
Q

Sugars in polysaccharides

A 
Mannose
Arabinose
Rhamnose
Glucosamine
Acidic sugars- glucoronic acid and mannuronic acid
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7
Q

Type of ribosome for eukaryotic

A

80s

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8
Q

Type of ribosome for prokaryotic

A

70s

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9
Q

Almost always function in the storage of energy or as a resevoir of structural building blocks

A

Inclusion bodies

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10
Q

One of the most common inclusion bodies consist of

A

Poly hydroxybutyric acid (PHB)

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11
Q

True about prokaryotes

A

No true nuclei

Package their DNA in the nucleoid

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12
Q

Properties of bacteria useful for its identification

A 
Colonial morphology
Microscopic morphology
Biochemical characteristics
Animal pathogenicity
Immunological requirements
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13
Q

Phase in growth curve that is sensitive to adverse conditions such as antibiotics and other microbial agents

A

Log phase

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14
Q

Phase in the growth curve where in cells are active metabolically

A

Log phase

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15
Q

Organisms that do not require organic nutrients for growth

A

Autotrophs

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16
Q

Use specific inorganic substances like hydrogen or thiosulfate as a reductant and CO2 as a carbon source

A

Chemolitothrops

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17
Q

Require organic carbon for growth

A

Heterotrophs

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18
Q

Grows best at -1 to 15 C

A

Psychrophilic/cryophilic

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19
Q

Optimum temp of 20-30C

A

Psychrotrophs

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20
Q

Grows best at 30-70C

A

Mesophilic

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21
Q

Grows best at 50-60C *

A

Thermophilic/thermoduric

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22
Q

Grows at above 100C

A

Hyperthermophilic

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23
Q

Characteristics of pathogenic bacteria

A 
Transmissibility
Adherence to host cell
Persistence
Invasion of host cells and tissues
Toxigenicity
Ability to evade or survive the host's immune system
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24
Q

The most frequent portals of entry of pathogenic bacteria into the body

A 
Sites where mucous membranes meet with skin
Respiratory
GI 
Genital
Urinary tracts
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25
Q

Endotoxins have the following actions

A

Induce release of endogenous pyrogens (IL-1, TNF, prostaglandins)
Increase vascular permeability
Initiate complement and blood coag cascades
Cause fever, hypotension, DIC, shock

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26
Q

Protein toxins that activate the immune system by binding to MHC & TCRs and stimulate many T cells to produce massive quantities of cytokines

A

Superantigens

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27
Q

Infectious process

A

Attachment
Multiplication
Spread

28
Q

Regulation of bacterial virulence factors

A 
Transduction
Temp and pH dependent virulence factors
Osmolality and amino acid composition
Virulence plasmid encoded proteins
Bacterial motility
29
Q

True about normal human microbiota

A

First line of defense against microbial pathogens
Assist in digestion
Role in toxin degredation
Contribute to maturation of the immune system

30
Q

Use of 16s rRNA gene sequencing

A

Human microbiome project

31
Q

Organs tested in human microbiome project

A 
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Colon
Vagina
32
Q

Normal microbiota

A 
Skin
Mouth and URT
Intestinal tract
Urethra
Vagina
Conjunctiva
33
Q

Factors that is important in eliminating non resident microorganisms from the skin

A

Low pH
Fatty acids in the sebaceous secretions
Lysozyme

34
Q

True about fungi

A

Eukaryotic organisms
Non-motile and possess a rigid cell wall
Obligate or facultative aerobes
Chemotrophic

35
Q

Two classes of fungi pathogenic to humans

A

Deutoromycetes (fungi imperfecti)

Zygomycetes

36
Q

Essential sterol in fungi

A

Ergosterol

37
Q

Binds to the ergosterol and punch holes to the fungal cell membrane

A

Amphotericin B and nystatin

38
Q

Inhibits ergosterol synthesis

A

Ketoconazole

39
Q

Cell wall of fungi is composed of

A

Chitin

40
Q

All DNA virus are double stranded except

A

Parvovirus

41
Q

DNA virus

A 
Herpesvirus
Adenovirus
Parvovirus
Poxvirus
Papovavirus
42
Q

All RNA are single stranded except

A

Reovirus

43
Q

RNA virus positive strand (CAPC)

A

Coronaviridae
Arenaviridae
Picornaviridae
Calciviridae

44
Q

Constructed from identical subunits called capsomeres

A

Viral capsid

45
Q

Function of the capsid and envelope

A

Protect nucleic acids
Help introduce viral DNA/RNA into suitable host cell
Stimulate immune system

46
Q

Parts of the virus

A

Capsomere
Nucleic acid, capsid (nucleocapsid)
Envelope

47
Q

Mode of viral multiplication

A 
Adsorption
Penetration
Uncoating
Synthesis
Assembly
Release
48
Q

Soil transmitted helminthiasis

A

Ascaris
Trichuris
Hookworm

49
Q

Food and waterborne parasites

A 
Paragonimus
Taenia
Capillaria
Heterophyid
Blastocystis
Entamoeba
Gardia
50
Q

Vector borne parasites

A

Malaria
Filaria
Schistosoma

51
Q

Period between exposure and evidence of symptoms

A

Incubation period/clinical incubation period

52
Q

Period between exposure or acquisition of the parasite and the evidence or demonstration of infection (lab test)

A

Prepatent period/ biologic incubation period

53
Q

Host in which the parasite reaches sexual maturity

A

Definitive host

54
Q

Host in which the parasite goes through preliminary development, harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite

A

Intermediate host

55
Q

Carries the parasite around but in which no development occurs

A

Transport host/paratenic host

56
Q

A type of host wherein they allow the parasite’s life cycle to continue and become additional source of human infection

A

Reservoir host

57
Q

Parasite found in a wrong place

A

Erratic parasite

58
Q

Not a real parasite. It may be a free living organism or a parasite of animals acquired by man. Passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host

A

Spurious parasite

59
Q

Resistance to ampicillin because of production plasmid mediated beta lactamase known as

A

TEM-1 and SHV-1

60
Q

McFarland turbidity testing

A

99.5mL of 1% sulfuric acid and 0.5 ml of 1.175% barium chloride

61
Q

Factors that affect the microbial death rate

A 
Number of microbes
Nature of microbes in the population
Temperature and pH of environment
Concentration or dosage of agent
Presence of solvents, organic matter or inhibitors
62
Q

Acts on cell wall

A

Antimicrobial drugs
Detergents
Alcohol

63
Q

Loss of integrity of cell membrane

A

Detergent

Surfactant

64
Q

Act on protein and nucleic acid synthesis

A

Chloramphenicol
UV radiation
Formaldehyde

65
Q

Disrupt or denature proteins

A

Alcohols
Phenols
Acid
Heat

CMED211 (12 decks)

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