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pathology Flashcards

1
Q 
S100 
 HMB 45
melan 1
mart 1
 IHC stain is for
A

melanoma

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2
Q

patches of depigmentation

A

vitiligo

due to partial or complete loss of melanocytes

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3
Q

pathology in vitiligo

A

affected epidermis shows absence of melanocytes and melanin pigment

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4
Q

what causes vitiligo

A

autoimmune circulating antimelanocyte antibodies
self destruction by melanin synthesis intermediates
neurohumoral toxicity specific for melanocytes

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5
Q

autoimmune disease associated with vitiligo

A

type 1 DM
pernicious anemia
Addisons disease
Autoimmune thyroiditis

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6
Q

small benign pigmented lesions with linear melanocytic hyperplasia

A

lentigines

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7
Q

increased melanosome aggregates in the cytoplasm of melanocyte is seen in

A

cafe au lait spots

which are hyperpigmented macules in NF1

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8
Q

redistribution of existing melanin in skin or reduced transfer of melanin to keratinocytes is seen in

A

post inflammatory hypopigmentation after significant skin inflammatory condition like discoid lupus or psoriasis.

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9
Q

poor melanin formation in melanocyte

A

due to absent enz tyrosinase seen in pts with albinism

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10
Q

hyperkeratosis is

A

thickening of stratum corneum

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11
Q

seborrheic keratosis is associated with activating mutations of what receptor

A

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3

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12
Q

Seborrhic keratosis is benign but can be a sign of malignancy when

A

there is explosive sudden numerous eruptions of SK
brown to black tan macule– stuck on appearence.
sign is kn as lesser trelat (stomach adenoca)

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13
Q

flexural surfaces hyperpigmentation

A

acanthosis nigricans

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14
Q

unpigmented hyperkeratotic lesions in sunexposed areas of scalp face ears and hands

A

actinic keratosis

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15
Q

5 ps and 1W of lichen planus

A

polygonal planar
pruritic
purple plaques

with fine white wichkam lines on plaque surface

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16
Q

structural protein on desmosome

A

desmosome attaches two adjacent cells by intervening CADHERIN protein which has CALCIUM embeded in it
cadherin has DESMOGLEIN 1 protein in its structure

17
Q

bullous impetigo is caused by which toxin

A

EXFOLIATIVE TOXIN A - targets desmoglein 1 of cadherin on desmosomes— disrupts desmosomes resulting in loss of cell junction and formation of flaccid bullae.
PRODUCED BY STAPH AUREUS

18
Q

tense blisters are seen in _________

flaccid blisters are seen in _________

A

tense - hemidesmosomes- subepidermal blisters – BULLOUS PEMPIGOID
flaccid- desmosomes– cadherin desmoglein toxin damage–BULLOUS IMPETIGO AND PEMPHIGOUS VULGARIS (autoantibody mediated damage)

19
Q

bullous impetigo, bullous pemphigoid and pemphigoid vulgaris all are distinct how

A

BI — localised, flaccid blisters in children
BP— widespread tense blisters in adults
PV— widespread flaccid blisters in adults

20
Q

mutations in epidermal barrier proteins leading to increased exposure to environmental antigens leads to

A

atopic dermatitis
kids get– erythematous papules and plaques
adults get– lichenification in flexural surfaces.

21
Q

painless, wart like lesions on moist surfaces such as genitals are known as

A

condyloma latum

seen in secondary syphillis

22
Q

histopathology of syphillic lesions in all stages is same

A

proliferative endarteritis of small vessels

plasma cell rich infiltrate

23
Q

tender red nodules on anterior shins usually bilateral

A

erythema nodosum — delayed type hypersensitivity reaction

24
Q

biopsy of erythema nodosum

A 
septal panniculitis(fat inflammation) with multinucleated giant cells. fat cells are seen in background-- clue point
radial granulomata of histiocytes arranged around slits is specific for erythema nodosum.
25
Q

erythema nodosum affects what layer

A

subcutaneous fat

26
Q

complication of erythema nodosum

A

usually resolves completely.

sometimes can form fat necrosis or subcu lipoma

27
Q

histology of anogenital warts of HPV16/18 infection

A

papillomatous epidermal hyperplasia

with cytoplasmic vacuolisation

28
Q

pathogenesis of dermatitis herpetiformis in celiac disease

A

Ig A antibodies against gliadin or gliadin/ tissue transglutaminae complex in intestine
these CROSS REACT with epidermal transglutaminase
gluten free diet cures it all

29
Q

biopsy of celiac disease

A

Ig A antibody against tissue transglutaminase of intestinal epithelium
leads to intraepithelial lymphocytes, blunting of villus height and crypt hyperplasia.

30
Q

skin fragility and blistering on sun exposed areas

A

porphyria cutanea tarda

has elevated urinary porphyrin or heptacarboxyl prophyrin levels

31
Q

elevated Coproporphyrin I : 3 ratio

A

arsenic effect

Flash Facts (23 decks)

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