pathology Flashcards
S100 HMB 45 melan 1 mart 1 IHC stain is for
melanoma
patches of depigmentation
vitiligo
due to partial or complete loss of melanocytes
pathology in vitiligo
affected epidermis shows absence of melanocytes and melanin pigment
what causes vitiligo
autoimmune circulating antimelanocyte antibodies
self destruction by melanin synthesis intermediates
neurohumoral toxicity specific for melanocytes
autoimmune disease associated with vitiligo
type 1 DM
pernicious anemia
Addisons disease
Autoimmune thyroiditis
small benign pigmented lesions with linear melanocytic hyperplasia
lentigines
increased melanosome aggregates in the cytoplasm of melanocyte is seen in
cafe au lait spots
which are hyperpigmented macules in NF1
redistribution of existing melanin in skin or reduced transfer of melanin to keratinocytes is seen in
post inflammatory hypopigmentation after significant skin inflammatory condition like discoid lupus or psoriasis.
poor melanin formation in melanocyte
due to absent enz tyrosinase seen in pts with albinism
hyperkeratosis is
thickening of stratum corneum
seborrheic keratosis is associated with activating mutations of what receptor
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3
Seborrhic keratosis is benign but can be a sign of malignancy when
there is explosive sudden numerous eruptions of SK
brown to black tan macule– stuck on appearence.
sign is kn as lesser trelat (stomach adenoca)
flexural surfaces hyperpigmentation
acanthosis nigricans
unpigmented hyperkeratotic lesions in sunexposed areas of scalp face ears and hands
actinic keratosis
5 ps and 1W of lichen planus
polygonal planar
pruritic
purple plaques
with fine white wichkam lines on plaque surface
structural protein on desmosome
desmosome attaches two adjacent cells by intervening CADHERIN protein which has CALCIUM embeded in it
cadherin has DESMOGLEIN 1 protein in its structure
bullous impetigo is caused by which toxin
EXFOLIATIVE TOXIN A - targets desmoglein 1 of cadherin on desmosomes— disrupts desmosomes resulting in loss of cell junction and formation of flaccid bullae.
PRODUCED BY STAPH AUREUS
tense blisters are seen in _________
flaccid blisters are seen in _________
tense - hemidesmosomes- subepidermal blisters – BULLOUS PEMPIGOID
flaccid- desmosomes– cadherin desmoglein toxin damage–BULLOUS IMPETIGO AND PEMPHIGOUS VULGARIS (autoantibody mediated damage)
bullous impetigo, bullous pemphigoid and pemphigoid vulgaris all are distinct how
BI — localised, flaccid blisters in children
BP— widespread tense blisters in adults
PV— widespread flaccid blisters in adults
mutations in epidermal barrier proteins leading to increased exposure to environmental antigens leads to
atopic dermatitis
kids get– erythematous papules and plaques
adults get– lichenification in flexural surfaces.
painless, wart like lesions on moist surfaces such as genitals are known as
condyloma latum
seen in secondary syphillis
histopathology of syphillic lesions in all stages is same
proliferative endarteritis of small vessels
plasma cell rich infiltrate
tender red nodules on anterior shins usually bilateral
erythema nodosum — delayed type hypersensitivity reaction
biopsy of erythema nodosum
septal panniculitis(fat inflammation) with multinucleated giant cells. fat cells are seen in background-- clue point radial granulomata of histiocytes arranged around slits is specific for erythema nodosum.
erythema nodosum affects what layer
subcutaneous fat
complication of erythema nodosum
usually resolves completely.
sometimes can form fat necrosis or subcu lipoma
histology of anogenital warts of HPV16/18 infection
papillomatous epidermal hyperplasia
with cytoplasmic vacuolisation
pathogenesis of dermatitis herpetiformis in celiac disease
Ig A antibodies against gliadin or gliadin/ tissue transglutaminae complex in intestine
these CROSS REACT with epidermal transglutaminase
gluten free diet cures it all
biopsy of celiac disease
Ig A antibody against tissue transglutaminase of intestinal epithelium
leads to intraepithelial lymphocytes, blunting of villus height and crypt hyperplasia.
skin fragility and blistering on sun exposed areas
porphyria cutanea tarda
has elevated urinary porphyrin or heptacarboxyl prophyrin levels
elevated Coproporphyrin I : 3 ratio
arsenic effect
