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Flash Facts > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Asplenic patients needs vaccination against which three organisms

A

Strepto pneumoniae
H influenza type b
Neisseria meningitidis

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2
Q

Patient with oral infection has sulfur granules and branching rods?

A

Actinomyces israelii

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3
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease predisposes to what infections

Cgd is NADPH oxidase deficiency

A 
Catalase positive microbes 
Needs placess to bleach hair
N- nocardia
P - pseudomonas
L- listeria
A- aspergillus
C - candida
E- E coli
S - staph aureus( most cmn)
S- serratia
B- bacillus cepacia
H- h pylori
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4
Q

Currant jelly sputum

A

Kleibsella

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5
Q

Dog or cat bite

A

Pasteurella multocida

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6
Q

Bilateral facial nerve palsy infective cause

A

Lymes disease- borrelia burgdorferi

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7
Q

Sinus infection or cavernous sinus orbit infection in diabetes
Face necrotic unilaterally in diabetes

A

Mucormycosis— mucor rhizopus

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8
Q

Neutropenic patients are predisposed to

A

Systemic candidiasis

Aspergillus

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9
Q

Which viral infection is opportunistic in organ transplant patients

A

CMV

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10
Q

Biopsy shows pas positive foamy macrophages which are diastase resistant

A

Whipples disease—- trophyrema whipplei… has long incubation periods and different times to affect multiple systems—— years and nots weeks

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11
Q

Paediatric epiglottitis

A

Hemophilus influenza

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12
Q

Causative organism of pneumonia in cystic fibrosis

A

Pseudomonas

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13
Q

Causative organism in burns infection

A

Pseudomonas

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14
Q

Pt with puncture wound developing lock jaw is having infection of wound with

A

Clostridium tetani

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15
Q

Abscess pus empyema causative organism

A

Staph aureus

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16
Q

Causative agents for rash on hands and feet

A

Syphillis—- treponema pallidum
Ricketssiae rickettsii
Coxsackie A VIRUS- hand foot mouth syndrome

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17
Q

Neonatal sepsis
Neonatal meningitis

Causative organism is

A

Group b streptococcus

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18
Q

Surgical wound infection

Remember not soiled or punctured wound

A

Staph aureus

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19
Q

Traumatic open wound—-
Gas gangrene

What organism and toxin?

A

Clostridium perfringens

Produces alpha toxin which is lecithinase or phospholipase causing myonecrosis

Clostridium perfrienges can also food poisoning due to heat labile enterotoxin

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20
Q

Which gram negative organism grows in alkaline medium?

And so also gets destroyed in acidic medium

A

Vibrio cholerae

Destroyed by gastric acid
Needs high inoculum id 50 unless patient has achlorhydria

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21
Q

Mechanism of action of vibrio cholerae

A

Enterotoxin
Permanently activates Gs and increases c AMP
RICE WATER DIARRHOEA

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22
Q

Which bacteria is triple positive
Ie urease
Catalase
Oxidase positive

A

Helicobacter pylori

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23
Q

Urea breath test or fecal antigen test is for which organism

A

H pylori

24
Q

Which enzyme helps h pylori survive in intense gastric acidity

A

It produces urease which produces ammonium ions which creates alkaline medium and helps h pylori survive in gastric acidity

25
Q

H pylori increases the risk for which diseases

A

Peptic ulcer disease( esp duodenal)
Gastric adenocarcinoma intestinal type
MALT lymphoma of stomach

26
Q

What is the triple therapy for h pylori?

ACP

A

Amoxicillin ( can use metronidazole if penicillin allergy)

Clarithromycin

Proton pump inhibitors

27
Q

What is quadruple therapy for h pylori?

A

Acp drugs for h pylori ( ie amoxicillin clarithromycin and proton pump inhibitors)

If macrolide resistance develops one can used bismuth based quadruple therapy
It has ppi bismuth metronidazole tetracycline

28
Q

What is axial filament?

A

Axial filament is a unique feature of spirochetes
Ie flagella lies between outer and inner membrane in periplasmic space making it like an endofilament
It runs axially along the length of spirochetes
And twisting motion of flagella gives spirochetes its corkscrew motion

29
Q

Name three different spirochetes and diseases caused by it

A

Borrelia burgorferi—- lymes disease

Borrelia recurrentis—- relapsing fever

Leptospira—- leptospirosis

Treponema pallidum—syphillis

30
Q

How are spirochetes visualised?

A

Very small and hence unable to see them in light microscopy.
Only borrelia is big bug — seen in LM with wright or geimsa stain

Rest need dark field microscopy or DFA ie direct fluroscent antibody

31
Q

What adv reaction can be seen when spirochetes are treated with antibiotics

A

Jarish heixmer reaction.
Death of bacteria releases harmful endotoxin like products
Comes 1 - 3 hrs after treatment
Can be life threating due to hypotension and renal failure
Skin lesionS flushing
Hypotension
Myalgia

Rx NSAIDS, antiTNF A meptanizol opiod analgesic

32
Q

Diesease transmitted by ixodes deer tick

A

Lymes disease
Anaplasmosis
Protozoa babesia

33
Q

Natural reservoir of lymes disease

A

Mouse

34
Q

Stages of lymes disease

A

1- Early localised infection - erythema migrans

2: Early dissemination- secondary erythema lesions, carditis with 3rd degree AV block, bilateral facial nerve palsy, migratory myalgia and transient arthritis
3: late disseminated— encephalopathy and chronic arthritis

35
Q

Treatment for lymes disease

A

Early 1st line is doxycyline or amoxicillin

Severe cns or heart manifestations- ceftriaxone

36
Q

What disease is common in hawaiian surfers

A

Leptospirosis

Caused by water contaminated with animal urine

37
Q

Manifestations of leptospirosis

A 
Mild flu like
Calf myalgia
Conjuctivitis with exudation—- suffusion
Photophobia because of conjunctivitis
Jaundice
38
Q

How can leptospira cause jaundice

A

Hook ended corkscrew shaped leptospira infest the disse space migrates between the hepatocytes, detaches the intercellular junctions and disrupts the bile canaliculi

This causes conjugated bilirubinemia AST ALP elevation. There is no obstruction hence GGT IS normal or slightly elevated

39
Q

What is weils disease

A

Severe form of leptospirosis also known as icterohaemorrhagic form

Jaundice azotemia
Liver kidney dysfunction
Fever
Haemorrhage and anemia

40
Q

Arygyll robertson pupil ?

Causative disease

A

Constricts with accomodation but does not reaction with light
Called prostitutes pupil since accomodates but does not react
Seen in tertiary syphillis

41
Q

Features of tertiary syphillis

A 
Remember it all destructive symptoms
Gummas
Aortitis
Tabes dorsalis and broad ataxia
Charcots joint
Stroke without hypertesnion

Check neurosyphillis with vdrl fta abs and pcr

42
Q

Features of congenital syphillis

A

Placental transmission early in first trimester
Facial anomalies include
saddle nose small maxilla
hutchinsons teeth mulberry molars
Snuffles at nose and rhagades at angle of mouth
8th nerve snhl deafness
Saber shin—- sharp anterior bowing of tibia

43
Q

False positive VDRL

A

Pregnancy drugs
Viral infection like EBV and hepatitis

Rheumatic fever
Lupus leprosy

44
Q

What is bacterial vaginosis?

A

Overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria in vagina
Not painful
Associated with sexual active females but not transmitted sexually

45
Q

Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

A

Caused by gardenella vaginalis
Grey discharge with fishy smell

Microscopy— clue cells— vaginal cells coated with gardenella giving stippled outer margin

Amine whiff test—- discharge + 10 % KOH enhances fishy odor

46
Q

Why does chlamydia an intracellular organism

A

Because it cannot make its own ATP

47
Q

Two forms of existence of chlamydia

A

Elementary body is infective form enters cells by endocytosis

Reticulate body is replicative body forming intracytoplasmic inclusion and gives rise to multiple elementary bodies to be released

48
Q

Diseases caused by chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Neonatal and follicular adult conjunctivitis

Non gonococcal urethritis

Reactive arthritis

49
Q

Chlamydophilla pneumonia and psitaci causes what?

A

Atypical pneumonia from aerosol parrots

50
Q

Why does b lactam antibiotics not work on chlamydia?

A

Since b lactam antibiotics act on cell wall
And chlamydia lacks classic peptidoglycan layer due to reduced muramic acid
B lactam antibiotics cant work on chlamydia

51
Q

Treatment of chlamydia

A

Azithromycin - doc since one time drug

Doxycycline

Ceftriaxone if added gonorrhoea

52
Q

Staccato cough

A

Chlamydia trachomatis typr D-k causing neonatal pneumonia

53
Q

Type A B C chlamydia trachomatis causes?

A

Chronic infection
Blindness
In africa

Reverse ABC clue

54
Q

Type L1 to L3 chlamydia trachomatis causes which disease?

A

Lymphogranuloma venerum

Small painless ulcers on genitals but painful inguinal nodes which ulcerate into buboesrx doxycycline

55
Q

Type D-k chlamydia trachomatis

A

Urethritis —-PID scarring tubes adhesion and hence ectopic pregnancy

Neonatal conjunctivitis -1 week after birth

Neonatal pneumonia with eosinophilia and staccato cough

56
Q

Causative agent of erhlichiosis

A

Erhlichia caffeensis

Vector is lone star tick- known as amblyomma

57
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever

A

Ricketsia rickettsii

Dermacentor dog tick is the vector

Flash Facts (23 decks)

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