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Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Asplenic patients needs vaccination against which three organisms

A

Strepto pneumoniae
H influenza type b
Neisseria meningitidis

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2
Q

Patient with oral infection has sulfur granules and branching rods?

A

Actinomyces israelii

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3
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease predisposes to what infections

Cgd is NADPH oxidase deficiency

A 
Catalase positive microbes 
Needs placess to bleach hair
N- nocardia
P - pseudomonas
L- listeria
A- aspergillus
C - candida
E- E coli
S - staph aureus( most cmn)
S- serratia
B- bacillus cepacia
H- h pylori
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4
Q

Currant jelly sputum

A

Kleibsella

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5
Q

Dog or cat bite

A

Pasteurella multocida

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6
Q

Bilateral facial nerve palsy infective cause

A

Lymes disease- borrelia burgdorferi

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7
Q

Sinus infection or cavernous sinus orbit infection in diabetes
Face necrotic unilaterally in diabetes

A

Mucormycosis— mucor rhizopus

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8
Q

Neutropenic patients are predisposed to

A

Systemic candidiasis

Aspergillus

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9
Q

Which viral infection is opportunistic in organ transplant patients

A

CMV

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10
Q

Biopsy shows pas positive foamy macrophages which are diastase resistant

A

Whipples disease—- trophyrema whipplei… has long incubation periods and different times to affect multiple systems—— years and nots weeks

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11
Q

Paediatric epiglottitis

A

Hemophilus influenza

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12
Q

Causative organism of pneumonia in cystic fibrosis

A

Pseudomonas

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13
Q

Causative organism in burns infection

A

Pseudomonas

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14
Q

Pt with puncture wound developing lock jaw is having infection of wound with

A

Clostridium tetani

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15
Q

Abscess pus empyema causative organism

A

Staph aureus

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16
Q

Causative agents for rash on hands and feet

A

Syphillis—- treponema pallidum
Ricketssiae rickettsii
Coxsackie A VIRUS- hand foot mouth syndrome

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17
Q

Neonatal sepsis
Neonatal meningitis

Causative organism is

A

Group b streptococcus

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18
Q

Surgical wound infection

Remember not soiled or punctured wound

A

Staph aureus

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19
Q

Traumatic open wound—-
Gas gangrene

What organism and toxin?

A

Clostridium perfringens

Produces alpha toxin which is lecithinase or phospholipase causing myonecrosis

Clostridium perfrienges can also food poisoning due to heat labile enterotoxin

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20
Q

Which gram negative organism grows in alkaline medium?

And so also gets destroyed in acidic medium

A

Vibrio cholerae

Destroyed by gastric acid
Needs high inoculum id 50 unless patient has achlorhydria

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21
Q

Mechanism of action of vibrio cholerae

A

Enterotoxin
Permanently activates Gs and increases c AMP
RICE WATER DIARRHOEA

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22
Q

Which bacteria is triple positive
Ie urease
Catalase
Oxidase positive

A

Helicobacter pylori

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23
Q

Urea breath test or fecal antigen test is for which organism

24
Q

Which enzyme helps h pylori survive in intense gastric acidity

A

It produces urease which produces ammonium ions which creates alkaline medium and helps h pylori survive in gastric acidity

25
H pylori increases the risk for which diseases
Peptic ulcer disease( esp duodenal) Gastric adenocarcinoma intestinal type MALT lymphoma of stomach
26
What is the triple therapy for h pylori? | ACP
Amoxicillin ( can use metronidazole if penicillin allergy) Clarithromycin Proton pump inhibitors
27
What is quadruple therapy for h pylori?
Acp drugs for h pylori ( ie amoxicillin clarithromycin and proton pump inhibitors) If macrolide resistance develops one can used bismuth based quadruple therapy It has ppi bismuth metronidazole tetracycline
28
What is axial filament?
Axial filament is a unique feature of spirochetes Ie flagella lies between outer and inner membrane in periplasmic space making it like an endofilament It runs axially along the length of spirochetes And twisting motion of flagella gives spirochetes its corkscrew motion
29
Name three different spirochetes and diseases caused by it
Borrelia burgorferi—- lymes disease Borrelia recurrentis—- relapsing fever Leptospira—- leptospirosis Treponema pallidum—syphillis
30
How are spirochetes visualised?
Very small and hence unable to see them in light microscopy. Only borrelia is big bug — seen in LM with wright or geimsa stain Rest need dark field microscopy or DFA ie direct fluroscent antibody
31
What adv reaction can be seen when spirochetes are treated with antibiotics
Jarish heixmer reaction. Death of bacteria releases harmful endotoxin like products Comes 1 - 3 hrs after treatment Can be life threating due to hypotension and renal failure Skin lesionS flushing Hypotension Myalgia Rx NSAIDS, antiTNF A meptanizol opiod analgesic
32
Diesease transmitted by ixodes deer tick
Lymes disease Anaplasmosis Protozoa babesia
33
Natural reservoir of lymes disease
Mouse
34
Stages of lymes disease
1- Early localised infection - erythema migrans 2: Early dissemination- secondary erythema lesions, carditis with 3rd degree AV block, bilateral facial nerve palsy, migratory myalgia and transient arthritis 3: late disseminated— encephalopathy and chronic arthritis
35
Treatment for lymes disease
Early 1st line is doxycyline or amoxicillin Severe cns or heart manifestations- ceftriaxone
36
What disease is common in hawaiian surfers
Leptospirosis Caused by water contaminated with animal urine
37
Manifestations of leptospirosis
``` Mild flu like Calf myalgia Conjuctivitis with exudation—- suffusion Photophobia because of conjunctivitis Jaundice ```
38
How can leptospira cause jaundice
Hook ended corkscrew shaped leptospira infest the disse space migrates between the hepatocytes, detaches the intercellular junctions and disrupts the bile canaliculi This causes conjugated bilirubinemia AST ALP elevation. There is no obstruction hence GGT IS normal or slightly elevated
39
What is weils disease
Severe form of leptospirosis also known as icterohaemorrhagic form Jaundice azotemia Liver kidney dysfunction Fever Haemorrhage and anemia
40
Arygyll robertson pupil ? | Causative disease
Constricts with accomodation but does not reaction with light Called prostitutes pupil since accomodates but does not react Seen in tertiary syphillis
41
Features of tertiary syphillis
``` Remember it all destructive symptoms Gummas Aortitis Tabes dorsalis and broad ataxia Charcots joint Stroke without hypertesnion ``` Check neurosyphillis with vdrl fta abs and pcr
42
Features of congenital syphillis
Placental transmission early in first trimester Facial anomalies include saddle nose small maxilla hutchinsons teeth mulberry molars Snuffles at nose and rhagades at angle of mouth 8th nerve snhl deafness Saber shin—- sharp anterior bowing of tibia
43
False positive VDRL
Pregnancy drugs Viral infection like EBV and hepatitis Rheumatic fever Lupus leprosy
44
What is bacterial vaginosis?
Overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria in vagina Not painful Associated with sexual active females but not transmitted sexually
45
Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis
Caused by gardenella vaginalis Grey discharge with fishy smell Microscopy— clue cells— vaginal cells coated with gardenella giving stippled outer margin Amine whiff test—- discharge + 10 % KOH enhances fishy odor
46
Why does chlamydia an intracellular organism
Because it cannot make its own ATP
47
Two forms of existence of chlamydia
Elementary body is infective form enters cells by endocytosis Reticulate body is replicative body forming intracytoplasmic inclusion and gives rise to multiple elementary bodies to be released
48
Diseases caused by chlamydia trachomatis?
Neonatal and follicular adult conjunctivitis Non gonococcal urethritis Reactive arthritis
49
Chlamydophilla pneumonia and psitaci causes what?
Atypical pneumonia from aerosol parrots
50
Why does b lactam antibiotics not work on chlamydia?
Since b lactam antibiotics act on cell wall And chlamydia lacks classic peptidoglycan layer due to reduced muramic acid B lactam antibiotics cant work on chlamydia
51
Treatment of chlamydia
Azithromycin - doc since one time drug Doxycycline Ceftriaxone if added gonorrhoea
52
Staccato cough
Chlamydia trachomatis typr D-k causing neonatal pneumonia
53
Type A B C chlamydia trachomatis causes?
Chronic infection Blindness In africa Reverse ABC clue
54
Type L1 to L3 chlamydia trachomatis causes which disease?
Lymphogranuloma venerum Small painless ulcers on genitals but painful inguinal nodes which ulcerate into buboesrx doxycycline
55
Type D-k chlamydia trachomatis
Urethritis —-PID scarring tubes adhesion and hence ectopic pregnancy Neonatal conjunctivitis -1 week after birth Neonatal pneumonia with eosinophilia and staccato cough
56
Causative agent of erhlichiosis
Erhlichia caffeensis | Vector is lone star tick- known as amblyomma
57
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Ricketsia rickettsii | Dermacentor dog tick is the vector

Flash Facts (23 decks)

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