Pathology Flashcards
vindicate V
vascular
vindicate I
infection/inflammatory
vindicate N
neoplastic
vindicate D
drugs/toxins
vindicate I
Interventions/iatrogenic
vendicate c
congenital
vindicate A
autoimmune
vindicate T
trauma
vindicate E
endocrine/metabolic
what would neoplasia include
new growth
what does Iatrogenic mean
something caused by a doctor
what five things can cause inflammation?
trauma, injury, foreign bodies, immune reaction, necrosis of any cause
what are vascular changes mediated by?
histamine and nitric oxide
what are the four main changes to injury
vascular changes, cellular changes, chemical changes, chemical mediators and morphologic patterns
what are the vascular changes in response to injury?
vasodilation, increased heat (calor) and increased redness (rubor)
what are the five phases of cellular changes as a response to injury?
stasis, white cell margination, rolling, adhesions, migrations
what is the change in flow during dilation?
the flow slows down
why do blood cells start to stick to vessel walls during inflammation?
the vessels express various proteins on the lumen surface
why do you want the blood vessels to be sticky?
so that WBC stick to the vessel wall and get to the tissue (lock and key ligands)
what is margination?
the white blood cell moving to the vessel walls
what do histamine and thrombin cells do from inflammatory cells?
they increase selection expression
what do tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1 do??
increase endothelial cell expression of VCAM and ICAM
result of leaky vessels
loss of proteins, change in osmotic pressure, water follows protein and then swelling
what is chemotaxis?
cells follow a chemical gradient and move along it